Interatomic potential for Fe–Cr–Ni–N system based on the second nearest-neighbor modified embedded-atom method

<p>The interatomic potential for Fe–Cr–Ni–N system based on the second nearest-neighbour modified embedded-atom method has been developed in this work. The potential is based on those for the corresponding lower order systems. The potential parameters for the binary systems, Cr–N, Ni–N, Ni–Fe and Ni–Cr, were determined by fitting the lattice constants, elastic properties, heat of solution and defect binding energies. The potential parameters for the ternary systems were calculated based on the corresponding binary systems. Then, all of them were applied to the quaternary system Fe–Cr–Ni–N to confirm their validity by a simulation of the lattice constants of AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel with a range of nitrogen content. The results were in good agreement with the previous observations and calculations.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Pathogenic ecological characteristics of PCV2 in large-scale pig farms in China affected by African swine fever in the surroundings from 2018 to 2021.zip

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) has been identified as the causal agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), an economically important multifactorial disease of the swine industry worldwide. This research designed a dual nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection method to simultaneously monitor porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and PCV3. The limit of detection (LoD) of sensitivity for PCV2 and PCV3 was ten copies/mL for both viruses. There was no cross-reaction with any other porcine pathogens tested and no non-specific amplification. The coincidence and repetition rates were both 100%. Through the systematic and clinical sampling, 15,130 samples collected from 30 large-scale pig farms in eight provinces in China (including Hubei, Hunan, Henan, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Guangdong, Hainan, and Heilongjiang) were subjected to early warning surveillance and/or clinical diagnosis. These results revealed that the overall positive rates of PCV3 and PCV2 were 0 and 28.29%, respectively, with the lowest level recorded in Jiangxi province. The highest carrying rate was observed in Hainan province. Pigs at different ages displayed varying carrying rates for PCV: fattening pigs and gilts had the highest and the lowest carrying rates for PCV, respectively. In addition, the excretion rates for PCV of colostrum, semen, and nasal, anal, and vulval swabs were tested. The colostrum, anal swabs, and semen had higher excretion rates for PCV; these were followed by the vulval and nasal swabs that had excretion rates for PCV. Furthermore, a high blood virus-carrying rate was detected in moribund pigs, especially in pigs with fever and red skin. As to the virus-carrying rate in the pig organs received from clinical necropsy, the highest rate was found in placental tissue, followed by the kidneys, and the virus also was detected in lymphoid organs, liver, stomach, and intestines. The PCV2-positive samples were sequenced to reveal the molecular epidemic dynamics of PCV2. The results indicated four major branches, namely, PCV2a, PCV2b, PCV2c, and PCV2d, concerning PCV2 molecular epidemiology in China, with PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d dominating. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study elucidated the molecular epidemiology, transmission, and positive blood samples of PCV and provided new ideas for developing comprehensive PCV control technologies to begin eliminating the disease caused by PCV by cleaning pig farms.</p

Illustration of a subset of cognitive tasks used in the CLIC adult characterization study.

For key constructs of interest, such as cognitive flexibility and creativity, we administer multiple tasks to improve measurement validity. See Appendix D in S1 File for the full task list and details.</p

Overall workflow of the CLIC Phase 1 adult study.

Detailed documentations of all tasks and questionnaires can be found in Appendices A to F in S1 File.</p

Appendices A to G for “Study protocol: How does cognitive flexibility relate to other executive functions and learning in healthy young adults?”.

Appendices A to G for “Study protocol: How does cognitive flexibility relate to other executive functions and learning in healthy young adults?”.</p

Study administration Part I and Part II summary.

BackgroundCognitive flexibility (CF) enables individuals to readily shift from one concept or mode of practice/thoughts to another in response to changes in the environment and feedback, making CF vital to optimise success in obtaining goals. However, how CF relates to other executive functions (e.g., working memory, response inhibition), mental abilities (e.g., creativity, literacy, numeracy, intelligence, structure learning), and social factors (e.g., multilingualism, tolerance of uncertainty, perceived social support, social decision-making) is less well understood. The current study aims to (1) establish the construct validity of CF in relation to other executive function skills and intelligence, and (2) elucidate specific relationships between CF, structure learning, creativity, career decision making and planning, and other life skills.MethodsThis study will recruit up to 400 healthy Singaporean young adults (age 18–30) to complete a wide range of cognitive tasks and social questionnaires/tasks. The richness of the task/questionnaire battery and within-participant administration enables us to use computational modelling and structural equation modelling to examine connections between the latent constructs of interest.Significance and ImpactThe current study is the first systematic investigation into the construct validity of CF and its interrelationship with other important cognitive skills such as learning and creativity, within an Asian context. The study will further explore the concept of CF as a non-unitary construct, a novel theoretical proposition in the field. The inclusion of a structure learning paradigm is intended to inform future development of a novel intervention paradigm to enhance CF. Finally, the results of the study will be useful for informing classroom pedagogy and the design of lifelong learning policies and curricula, as part of the wider remit of the Cambridge-NTU Centre for Lifelong Learning and Individualised Cognition (CLIC).</div

Cognitive tasks administered in the CLIC adult study (Part II), summarised by construct.

Appendix D in S1 File documents the full task details.</p

Main socio-cognitive questionnaires and decision-making tasks administered in the CLIC Phase 1 study (Part I), summarized by construct.

Main socio-cognitive questionnaires and decision-making tasks administered in the CLIC Phase 1 study (Part I), summarized by construct.</p