Strong ice-ocean interaction beneath Shirase Glacier Tongue in East Antarctica

Mass loss from the Antarctic ice sheet, Earth’s largest freshwater reservoir, results directly in global sea-level rise and Southern Ocean freshening. Observational and modeling studies have demonstrated that ice shelf basal melting, resulting from the inflow of warm water onto the Antarctic continental shelf, plays a key role in the ice sheet’s mass balance. In recent decades, warm ocean-cryosphere interaction in the Amundsen and Bellingshausen seas has received a great deal of attention. However, except for Totten Ice Shelf, East Antarctic ice shelves typically have cold ice cavities with low basal melt rates. Here we present direct observational evidence of high basal melt rates (7–16 m yr−1) beneath an East Antarctic ice shelf, Shirase Glacier Tongue, driven by southward-flowing warm water guided by a deep continuous trough extending to the continental slope. The strength of the alongshore wind controls the thickness of the inflowing warm water layer and the rate of basal melting

Gravity field determination around Syowa station by combining GOCE and in-situ gravity data

第3回極域科学シンポジウム/第32回極域地学シンポジウム 11月29日（木） 国立極地研究所 ３階ラウン

Reprocessing of Shirase shipborne gravity data

To compile consistent data sets of Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) shipborne gravity data, we applied drift and offset corrections to data sets obtained from JARE-27 to -52 by using a new satellite altimetric gravity model as the reference. Konishi et al. (2006) had previously conducted drift and offset corrections for data obtained up to and including JARE-46 so that the shipborne data fitted the satellite altimetric gravity data of grav.img.11.1 (Sandwell, 2004). Following the method of Konishi et al. (2006), we extracted gravity values from the altimetric gravity model of grav.img.20.1 (Sandwell, 2012) along the ship tracks, and then compared these values with those of the shipborne gravity data. These comparisons revealed large discrepancies near the turning points of the ship tracks, and large drifts and offsets in some of the data sets. We removed data that contained large discrepancies, and applied drift and offset corrections to the remaining data by assuming polynomial functions of time as the drift model. These reprocessed data sets were used for estimating crustal structure near Syowa Station

Smoking cessation interventions and implementations across multiple settings in Japan: a scoping review and supplemental survey

Abstract Background Smoking is the leading risk factor for death worldwide. In Japan, although several evidence-based interventions (EBIs) for smoking cessation have been disseminated or adopted, there is a gap between scientific evidence and the actual implementation. This scoping review aimed to describe the knowledge gaps in local-level smoking cessation interventions in Japan, their implementation outcomes, implementation barriers and facilitators, and the use of implementation strategies. Methods This study comprised two approaches: (1) a comprehensive scoping review of primary and grey literature, and (2) a supplemental survey of organizations in the grey literature. For the scoping review, we included original studies or reports on smoking cessation interventions targeting adults aged 18 years and older, or providers of cessation support at various settings (community, workplace, school, and clinical settings) in Japan. The extracted data included basic characteristics, intervention categories, implementation outcomes, factors influencing implementation, and implementation strategies for each intervention. Responses to the supplemental survey were extracted same used for the scoping review. To gain a deeper understanding, semi-structured interviews were conducted with some of the organizations in the survey. Results A total of 600 interventions with 691 intervention components, based on EBIs in the 2020 US Surgeon General Report, from 498 articles were included in the data extraction; 32 of the 88 organizations responded to the survey. Regarding the overall knowledge about smoking cessation intervention components, behavioral counseling, and cessation medication in clinical settings were mostly reported (34.7%). Implementation outcomes were measured in 18 articles (3.0%) and penetration was mostly reported. Regarding influential factors, “available resources,” and “knowledge and beliefs about the intervention” for barriers, and “relative priority” for facilitators were mostly reported. Implementation strategies were measured in 29 articles (4.8%), and “Train and educate stakeholders” was mostly reported. Conclusions Most EBIs reported in the Japanese literature included smoking cessation treatments in clinical settings. While a few articles focused on the implementation indicators in Japan, significant knowledge and experience were extracted from the grey literature, especially in the workplace and community settings. Future research should focus more on implementation to reduce the knowledge gap regarding smoking cessation interventions

中部沖縄トラフ伊平屋北海丘および伊平屋小海嶺海域における船上重磁力調査：KR18-14 Leg1/Leg2航海速報

http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/cruise/kairei/kr18-14_leg1/ehttp://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/cruise/kairei/kr18-14_leg2/