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Supplementary Figure S3 from Aberrant Upregulation of RUNX3 Activates Developmental Genes to Drive Metastasis in Gastric Cancer

RUNX3 expression is higher in liver metastasis than in the primary tumor in splenic inoculation model A, RT-qPCR indicates relative RUNX3 expression obtained from tumors in spleen and liver metastasis after inoculation of HGC-27 control cells; **, P < 0.01 by a two-tailed Student t test. B, representative images of immunofluorescence study to compare RUNX3 expression obtained from tumors in spleen and liver metastasis after inoculation of HGC-27 control cells. Imaging for tumors of the spleen by RUNX3 KO cells is also shown as a negative control. Scale bar: 20 μm. C, quantitative analysis by image-J for fluorescence level of RUNX3 in spleen and liver metastasis after inoculation of HGC-27 control cells; **, P < 0.01 by a two-tailed Student t test.</p

FIGURE 4 from Aberrant Upregulation of RUNX3 Activates Developmental Genes to Drive Metastasis in Gastric Cancer

Histone modification and interactions proximal to genes transcriptionally activated by RUNX3. ChIP-seq analyses of histone modification and RUNX3 binding sites in HGC-27 control (cont) and RUNX3 KO cells are juxtaposed to H3K27ac HiChIP analyses. The representative genes include CD44, IGFBP3, VIM, WNT5A, DPYSL3, and RUNX2, based on the list of genes that showed high scores of P values and H3K27ac HiChIP profiles. Enhancer–promoter interactions are indicated by loops. Arrowhead indicates change in H3K27ac peak after RUNX3 KO.</p

Supplementary Data S1 from Aberrant Upregulation of RUNX3 Activates Developmental Genes to Drive Metastasis in Gastric Cancer

The excel file shows active RUNX3 binding sites enriched with CDX2, LHX2 and TCF3 motifs and their corresponding GO biological processes at the Pages 1, 2 and 3, respectively.</p

FIGURE 2 from Aberrant Upregulation of RUNX3 Activates Developmental Genes to Drive Metastasis in Gastric Cancer

RUNX3 drives metastasis in gastric cancer cells. A, Subcutaneous xenograft tumors were obtained by inoculation of 1 × 106 HGC-27 control and RUNX3 KO cells, respectively. Typical images are shown (n = 5). B, The weight of tumors was quantified; ****, P t test. C, Liver metastasis model by splenic inoculation of 1 × 106 HGC-27 cells. Representative images of tumors in liver metastasis in control, RUNX3 KO, and RUNX3 KO rescued with reintroduction of RUNX3 (RUNX3 OE) cells are shown (n = 5, respectively). D, Percentage of the metastatic tumor area in the liver tissue was measured using Image J and graphed (mean + SD); **, P P t test. E, Representative images of tumor formation in spleen by inoculation of 1 × 106 HGC-27 cells in control and RUNX3 KO are shown (n = 5, respectively). F, The weight of tumors in spleen was quantified. G, Kaplan–Meier plots in liver metastasis models present overall survival for mice after inoculation of control and RUNX3 KO of HGC-27 cells; *, P t test. H, Orthotopic transplantation model of 1 × 106 HGC-27 cells. Representative images of tumors in stomach (1 in blue, circled by dot line), peritoneal invasion (2, circled by dot line), and liver metastasis (3, indicated by an arrow head) in control, and also tumors in stomach (circled by dot line) in RUNX3 KO cells are shown (n = 5).</p