Entanglement of the vacuum between left, right, future, and past spacetime states: The origin of entanglement-induced quantum radiation

The Minkowski vacuum state is expressed as an entangled state between the left and right Rindler wedges when it is constructed on the Rindler vacuum. In this paper, we further examine the entanglement structure and extend the expression to the future (expanding) and past (shrinking) Kasner spacetimes. This clarifies the origin of the quantum radiation produced by an Unruh–DeWitt detector in uniformly accelerated motion in the four-dimensional Minkowski spacetime. We also investigate the two-dimensional massless case where the quantum radiation vanishes but the same entanglement structure exists

Case of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy with abnormal pattern visual evoked potentials

Electrophysiological and morphological findings were studied in a case of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) showing abnormal pattern visual evoked potentials (VEPs) at the onset and significant functional recovery in the natural course. A 21-year-old woman presented with acute onset of photopsia and a large scotoma in the right eye of 2 weeks duration. Her visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes with no ophthalmoscopic and fluorescein angiographic abnormalities. However, a relative afferent pupillary defect and an enlarged blind spot were found in the right eye. The pattern VEPs were severely reduced when the right eye was stimulated. The amplitudes of both rod and cone full-field electroretinographics (ERGs) were reduced in the right eye. The amplitudes of the multifocal ERGs were reduced in the area of the enlarged blind spot. Irregularities in the inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) line of the photoreceptors were observed over the nasal fovea by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The patient was followed without treatment. The enlarged blind spot disappeared in 3 months after the onset. At 5 months, reappearance of the IS/OS line was detected by OCT. At 6 months, the P100 recovered to normal values. At 1 year, the reduced full-field ERGs were almost normal size and the multifocal ERGs in the area corresponding to the enlarged blind spot were also improved. ERG findings are crucial for differentiating AZOOR from retrobulbar neuritis, especially in patients with abnormal pattern VEPs. The pattern VEPs, full-field ERGs, multifocal ERGs, and OCT images can be abnormal in the early phase of AZOOR, but they can all improve during the natural course

Surface and vortex structures in noncentrosymmetric superconductors under applied magnetic fields

We investigate how the macroscopic spatial structure of broken inversion symmetry manifests in noncentrosymmetric superconductors, by the microscopic broken inversion symmetry of the crystal structure. Based on the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory including the Pauli paramagnetic effect and the Rashba interaction, we demonstrate that the centrosymmetric structures of the internal field and the screening current are broken macroscopically. The flow structure of paramagnetic supercurrent spontaneously induce the flux flow without applying external currents.Comment: 5 pages, 8 figures. accepted in Phys. Rev.

Entanglement of the vacuum between left, right, future, and past: Dirac spinor in Rindler spaces and Kasner spaces

We study the relations of the positive frequency mode functions of Dirac eld in 4-dimensional Minkowski spacetime covered with Rindler and Kasner coordinates, and describe the explicit form of the Minkowski vacuum state with the quantum states in Kasner and Rindler regions, and analytically continue the solutions. As a result, we obtain the correspondence of the positive frequency mode functions in Kasner region and Rindler region in a unied manner which derives vacuum entanglement

Development of MONSAKUN Touch and Practical Use in Class: Realization of Lesson of Posing of Arithmetical Word Problems

和若しくは差で解ける算数文章問題を対象とした単文統合型の作問学習支援システム“モンサクン”は数年に渡り複数の小学校の授業で利用されている．しかしながら，これらの授業では既に対象領域の学習を終えている2年生以上を対象としていたため，付加的な学習としての位置づけになっていた．本研究では，対象領域を学習中である1年生を対象に，単文統合型の作問の実施を目指した．このためにはシステムと授業の融合が必要となるため，(1) システムの通常教室での利用，(2) 作問状況のリアルタイムでの把握，(3) 作問法の教授，が解決すべき課題となった．本論文ではこれらの課題を解決するために行った，(I) モンサクンのタブレット化，(II) 作問状況モニタリングと集計・可視化機能の実現，(III) 作問法の教授法の考案，を述べる．またシステムを用いた9時限に渡る実践を行い，その分析結果から，システムが十分に利用可能であったこと，学習者の問題解決能力や作問能力の向上が見られたことが確認できたので，これを報告する