歯間離開処置がマウスの情動行動に及ぼす影響

本実験では,下顎切歯の歯間離開処置がマウスの情動行動に及ぼす影響を検討した.40匹のマウスを用い,対照群20匹と歯間離開処置を行った処置群20匹に分け,情動行動の評価として強制水泳法に基づくswimming behavior,climbing behavior,immobility behaviorを測定した.測定は,歯間離開処置後1日目,2日目,7日目に行った.その結果,処置群では対照群と比較してclimbing behaviorが1日目と2日目で有意に増加し,immobility behaviorが1日目と2日目で有意に減少していた.以上の結果から,歯間離開処置はマウスの情動機能に一時的な影響を及ぼす可能性が示唆される.In the present study, the effect of experimental separation of the lower incisors on emotional behavior was examined in mice at day 1, 2 and 7 after separation treatment. Emotional behaviors were swimming behavior, climbing behavior and immobility behavior based on the modified forced swim test. The experimental incisor separation increased climbing behavior and decreased immobility behavior on day 1 and 2 after treatment. It is reported that an incisor separation in the mouse increases the turnover of the central noradrenergic system. Thus, from these results, it is suggested that incisor separation in mice temporarily influences emotional functions

閉塞型睡眠時無呼吸症候群患者に対する下顎前方誘導装置の適用

Upper airway obstruction by the tongue occurs frequently in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Consequently, eliminating the collapse of the pharyngeal structures and reducing the air resistance in the cavity of pharynx could lead to the improvement of respiratory disturbance during sleep. This paper reports a clinical trial of the mandibular advancement device (MAD) for the conservative treatment of OSAS. In this case, the MAD moved the mandible to an anteroinferior position, and advanced the root of the tongue and the soft palate. In addition, middle and inferior airway space were remarkably increased. It appears that the reduction in the total number of apneic events and in the apnea-hypopnes index is attributed to the effect of the MAD on the oropharyngeal structures. Thus, the MAD may be an effective therapeutic alternative in patients with OSAS, and dentists could contribute to the manegement of OSAS patients

下顎枝矢状分割術における生体内吸収性ポリ-L-乳酸骨接合ミニプレート固定の術後安定性について

左右非対称のない下顎前突症患者に対する下顎枝矢状分割術において,ポリ-L-乳酸製(PLLA)ミニプレート固定法による術後の顎態の安定性について検討を行った.両側下顎枝矢状分割術(SSRO)を施行し,下顎骨の後退量に左右差のない患者40名(男性17名,女性23名)を対象とした.これらの骨固定に際し,PLLAミニプレートを使用した患者22名(男性9名,女性13名)をPLLAプレート群とし,チタンミニプレートを使用した患者18名(男性8名,女性10名)をチタンプレート群とした.手術直前,手術後1か月,手術後1年に撮影した側面頭部X線規格写真の分析を行い,顎態の安定性について検討した.その結果,手術後1年ではPLLAプレート群およびチタンプレート群両群の男女ともに著しい後戻り様変化は認めなかった.このことから,SSROを用いた左右差のない下顎後退術に対するPLLAミニプレート固定は,術後顎態の安定性の観点からはチタンミニプレート固定と比較して何ら問題点はなく,プレートの除去手術が回避できる点で有益であると考えられる.アレルギーの有無や,顎骨の移動量等を総合的に判断し,PLLAミニプレートかチタンミニプレートを選択することができると考えられる.We studied the postsurgical stability of the mandible using biodegradable Poly-L-lactide bone mini plate fixation undergone sagittal split ramus osteotomy. The forty patients with mandibular prognathism without facial asymmetry (17 males and 23 females) operated from March 2003 to March 2009, were divided into two groups based on the types of osteosynthesis used. 22 patients (9 males and 13 females) using the PLLA mini-plate (PLLA plate group), and 18 patients (8 males and 10 females) using the titanium mini-plate (titanium plate group) were examined. Lateral cephalograms were taken immediately before the surgery, one month, and one year after surgery. Changes in position of the mandible were examined. As a result of this study, remarkable relapses were not recognized at one year after operation for males and females in both groups. It is thought the PLLA mini-plate fixation to the mandible without facial asymmetry setback doesn\u27t present as many problems from the viewpoint of postsurgical stability compared with the titanium mini-plate fixation, and it is profitable that we avoided the plate removal operation. We can select the PLLA or the titanium mini-plate from a comprehensive standpoint

Characterization of PAX9 variant P20L identified in a Japanese family with tooth agenesis.

Transcription factors PAX9 and MSX1 play crucial roles in the development of permanent teeth at the bud stage, and their loss-of-function variants have been associated with congenital tooth agenesis. We sequenced the coding regions of the PAX9 and MSX1 genes from nine patients with non-syndromic tooth agenesis, and identified a missense mutation, P20L, of PAX9 in a single familial case involving three patients in two generations. Identical mutation was previously reported by other authors, but has not been characterized in detail. The mutation was located in a highly conserved N-terminal subdomain of the paired domain and co-segregated as a heterozygote with tooth agenesis. The patients showed defects primarily in the first and second molars, which is typical for cases attributable to PAX9 mutation. Luciferase reporter assay using the 2.3-kb promoter region of BMP4 and electrophoretic mobility shift assay using the CD19-2(A-ins) sequence revealed that P20L substitution eliminated most of the transactivation activity and specific DNA binding activity of PAX9 under the experimental conditions we employed, while some residual activity of the mutant was evident in the former assay. The hypomorphic nature of the variant may explain the relatively mild phenotype in this case, as compared with other PAX9 pathogenic variants such as R26W

Early Diagnosis to Improve the Poor Prognosis of Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis due to delayed diagnosis. Early diagnosis is the most important factor for improving prognosis. For early diagnosis of PC, patients with clinical manifestations suggestive of PC and high risk for developing PC need to be selected for examinations for PC. Signs suggestive of PC (e.g., symptoms, diabetes mellitus, acute pancreatitis, or abnormal results of blood examinations) should not be missed, and the details of risks for PC (e.g., familial history of PC, intraductal mucin producing neoplasm, chronic pancreatitis, hereditary pancreatitis, or life habit) should be understood. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be performed for diagnosing PC, but the diagnostic ability of these examinations for PC is limited. Endoscopic diagnostic procedures, such as endoscopic ultrasonography, including fine-needle aspiration, and endoscopic retrograde pancreatocholangiography, including Serial Pancreatic-juice Aspiration Cytologic Examination (SPACE), could be recommended for a detailed examination to diagnose pancreatic carcinoma earlier

Position of the identified PAX9 mutation.

<p>(A) Locations of P20L and previously reported missense variants are shown with arrows above and below the PAX9 diagram, respectively [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0186260#pone.0186260.ref012" target="_blank">12</a>,<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0186260#pone.0186260.ref025" target="_blank">25</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0186260#pone.0186260.ref031" target="_blank">31</a>]. Reported pathogenic variants with nonsense mutations or frameshifts are omitted. NSD, N-terminal subdomain of the paired domain; CSD, C-terminal subdomain of the paired domain. (B) Modeled pair-domain structure of the wild-type (blue and red with green backbone) and P20L (yellow) PAX9. P20L mutation results in Van del Waals clashes with the carbonyl oxygen of Leu²¹ (red disc) and the side chain of Pro⁶⁸ (brown disc). This results in a slight displacement of Pro⁶⁸. DNA is shown in pink with a gray surface.</p

Luciferase reporter assay using the <i>BMP4</i> promoter region as a cis element.

<p>Activity of firefly luciferase expressed from the reporter vector was normalized with <i>Renilla</i> luciferase, and shown as arbitrary units (mean ± SEM). Experiments were repeated three times with independent transfections, and for each experiment luciferase activity was measured in triplicate. Protein samples were prepared from aliquots of transfected cells, and ectopic PAX9 expression was verified by immunoblotting. An alleviating effect of P20L on transactivation was supported statistically, while that of A240P was not, as shown above the graph.</p

Pedigree with tooth genesis involving three patients.

<p>(A) Proband (patient ID 9 in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0186260#pone.0186260.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>), her father (ID 7) and brother (ID 10) are affected (indicated with filled symbols), while her mother is unaffected (indicated with an open symbol). The inheritance pattern is consistent with autosomal dominance. The three affected members invariably show C/T heterozygosity at the second position of the Pro²⁰ codon, while the unaffected member shows C/C homozygosity. (B) Radiogram of the proband (patient ID 9 in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0186260#pone.0186260.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>). Missing teeth other than 3rd molars are indicated with asterisks.</p