Retention of Mercury in Tissues and its Transference to Eggs in Chickens

白色レグホン種の産卵鶏に3種類の水銀化合街を投与して,水銀の組織内分布と,卵への移行に関して以下の結果を得た. 1.PMAの場合水銀は腎,肝に高率に分布するが,浅胸筋と脳組織にはあまり分布しなかった. 一方亘MCでは腎,肝に高率に分布するのみならず,浅胸筋,脳組織にもかなりの程度分布した. どの水銀剤の場合も血球へ高率に分布し,血漿には低かった. EMCでは特にこの傾向が著しかった. EMCはPMAと比較して,一般に長期貯留される傾向があった. 2.水銀の卵黄への移行については,MN,PMA,EMCの間に大差は認められなかったが,卵白への移行率には大差があり,EMCが最高で,PMA,MNの順となった. 特にEMCでは試験期間中の卵白への水銀移行総量は投与量の30形あるいはそれ以上に達するものと思われる. 3.PMA投与後数日問は産卵率に影響がみられたが,その後は対照との間に有意差は認められなかった. MN,EMCでは試験期問中産卵への影響は認められなかった. PMA投与鶏のうち2羽が軽度の脚部麻痺を示したが,それ以外には,はっきりした臨床症状は認められなかった

The Transference of Dietary Mercury to the Eggs in Chickens

白色レグホン種の産卵鶏に対して,水銀化合物を微量混入した飼料をあたえて17週ないし30週間飼育し,以下の結果を得た. 1.PMAまたはMNを投与した場合は,卵黄および卵白中の水銀量は2週めくらいからplateauに到着したが,EMCでは6週めくらいまで漸増し,以後plateauに達した. 2.卵黄への移行率はPMA,EMC,MNの間に大差がなかったが,卵白においてはEMC投与の場合が著しく高く,PMAとMNでは極めて低かった. 3.PMAとMN投与群では産卵率への影響は認められなかったが,EMC20ppm群では産卵率の著しい低下が認められた

Transpupillary thermotherapy for atypical central serous chorioretinopathy

Ryosuke Kawamura1,2, Hidenao Ideta1, Hideyuki Hori1, Kenya Yuki2, Tsuyoshi Uno1, Tatsurou Tanabe1, Kazuo Tsubota2, Tsutomu Kawasaki11Ideta Eye Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan; 2Keio University, School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, JapanBackground: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) has been traditionally treated with laser photocoagulation. We thought that transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) utilizing a lower temperature than that of conventional laser photocoagulation might minimize permanent retinal and choroidal damage. Studies suggest that undesirable effects on vision due to TTT are minimal even if it is applied to foveal and/or parafoveal lesions when TTT requires a larger irradiation spot. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of TTT in the management of atypical CSC.Methods: We defined atypical CSC as bullous retinal detachment with diffuse or several leakages, severe leakage with fibrin formation under serous retinal detachment, or leakage within a pigment epithelium detachment. Eight consecutive patients with atypical CSC underwent visual acuity testing, ophthalmic examination, color photography, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography to evaluate the results of transpupillary thermotherapy. Retreatment of atypical CSC was based on ophthalmic examination, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography. TTT was performed on the leaking spots shown in fluorescein angiography, with a power of 50–250 mW, spot size of 500–1200 µm, and exposure time of 13–60 seconds to minimize retinal damage.Results: In five of eight affected eyes, serous detachments completely resolved within 1 month after the initial TTT. One eye had persistent subretinal fluid and required a second TTT treatment. Two eyes showed no resolution of CSC and were treated by conventional photocoagulation. Initial best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ranged from 20/600 to 20/20 (mean, 20/40; median, 20/30). Final BCVA ranged from 20/200 to 20/20 (mean, 20/25; median, 20/20). BCVA improved in all cases. Only two eyes with persistent subretinal fibrin and existing retinal pigment epithelial alternations in macular area showed limited improvement of BCVA despite the absence of subretinal exudation. The presence of retinal attachment was confirmed by optical coherence tomography in six eyes (75%).Conclusions: TTT seems to be effective for the treatment of atypical CSC in the short term. Additional studies are necessary to evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety.Keywords: transpupillary thermotherapy, central serous chorioretinopathy, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, serous detachmen

Managements of sleep bruxism in adult: A systematic review

This systematic review aimed to update the management of sleep bruxism (SB) in adults, as diagnosed using polysomnography (PSG) and/or electromyography (EMG). Management methods covered were oral appliance therapy (OAT) with stabilization splints, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), biofeedback therapy (BFT), and pharmacological therapy. A comprehensive search was conducted on MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to October 1st, 2021. Reference list searches and hand searches were also performed by an external organization. Two reviewers for each therapy independently performed article selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. The reviewers resolved any disagreements concerning the assortment of the articles by discussion. Finally, 11, 3, 14, and 22 articles were selected for each therapy. The results suggested that OAT tended to reduce the number of SB events, although there was no significant difference compared to other types of splints, that the potential benefits of CBT were not well supported, and that BFT, rabeprazole, clonazepam, clonidine, and botulinum toxin type A injection showed significant reductions in specific SB parameters, although several side effects were reported. It can be concluded that more methodologically rigorous randomized large-sample long-term follow-up clinical trials are needed to clarify the efficacy and safety of management for SB

Managements of sleep bruxism in adult : A systematic review

This systematic review aimed to update the management of sleep bruxism (SB) in adults, as diagnosed using polysomnography (PSG) and/or electromyography (EMG). Management methods covered were oral appliance therapy (OAT) with stabilization splints, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), biofeedback therapy (BFT), and pharmacological therapy. A comprehensive search was conducted on MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to October 1st, 2021. Reference list searches and hand searches were also performed by an external organization. Two reviewers for each therapy independently performed article selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. The reviewers resolved any disagreements concerning the assortment of the articles by discussion. Finally, 11, 3, 14, and 22 articles were selected for each therapy. The results suggested that OAT tended to reduce the number of SB events, although there was no significant difference compared to other types of splints, that the potential benefits of CBT were not well supported, and that BFT, rabeprazole, clonazepam, clonidine, and botulinum toxin type A injection showed significant reductions in specific SB parameters, although several side effects were reported. It can be concluded that more methodologically rigorous randomized large-sample long-term follow-up clinical trials are needed to clarify the efficacy and safety of management for SB

Evaluation of respiratory rate monitoring performance using a home oxygen monitoring device among patients with interstitial lung disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background: Home monitoring devices have been developed to measure adherence to home oxygen therapy. In this study, we evaluated the performance of TeleOx®, a commercially available remote monitoring device, in comparison with polysomnography (PSG) in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the factors that affected TeleOx® correct use. Methods: TeleOx® was connected on the patient or concentrator side. The oxygen flow rates were set at 1, 3, and 5 L/min. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (2, 1) was used to determine the agreement between respiratory rate measured using TeleOx® and that measured using PSG, and the minimum acceptable level of reliability was >0.7. Results: In total, 22 patients (16 with ILD and 6 with COPD) were assessed. In patients with ILD, the detection rate of patients’ respiration assessed using TeleOx® did not change according to the device’s position. It increased from 53.5% to 79.0% by changing the position from the concentrator to the patient side in patients with COPD. The ICC (2, 1) value indicated that TeleOx® had acceptable reliability at oxygen flow rates of 1 and 3 L/min regardless of the device’s position in patients with ILD (the concentrator side: 0.9 and 0.82, respectively; the patient side: 0.95 and 0.82, respectively), whereas that did only at the oxygen flow rate of 1 L/min and in connecting TeleOx® on the patient side in patients with COPD (0.73). Conclusion: The monitoring performance of TeleOx® differed according to its position, oxygen flow rates, and patients’ diseases

Tazobactam/piperacillin for moderate-to-severe pneumonia in patients with risk for aspiration: comparison with imipenem/cilastatin.

BACKGROUND: Treatment of aspiration pneumonia is becoming an important issue due to aging of populations worldwide. Effectiveness of tazobactam/piperacillin (TAZ/PIPC) in aspiration pneumonia is not clear. PURPOSE: To compare clinical efficacy between TAZ/PIPC (1:4 compound) and imipenem/cilastatin (IPM/CS) in patients with moderate-to-severe aspiration pneumonia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this open-label, randomized study either TAZ/PIPC 5 g or IPM/CS 1 g was intravenously administered every 12 h to patients with moderate-to-severe community-acquired aspiration pneumonia or nursing home-acquired pneumonia with risk for aspiration pneumonia for average 11 days. The primary outcome was clinical response rate at the end of treatment (EOT) in validated per-protocol (VPP) population. Secondary outcomes were clinical response during treatment (days 4 and 7) and at the end of study (EOS) in VPP population, and survival at day 30 in modified intention-to-treat (MITT) population. RESULTS: There was no difference between the groups in primary or secondary outcome. However, significantly faster improvement as measured by axillary temperature (p < 0.05) and WBC count (p = 0.01) was observed under TAZ/PIPC treatment. In patients with gram-positive bacterial infection, TAZ/PIPC was more effective at EOT in VPP population (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: TAZ/PIPC is as effective and safe as IPM/CS in the treatment of moderate- to-severe aspiration pneumonia

Is the combination therapy of IKr-channel blocker and left stellate ganglion block effective for intractable ventricular arrhythmia in a cardiopulmonary arrest patient?

Background: We have previously reported that the defibrillation success rate of intravenous nifekalant hydrochloride (NIF), a pure IKr-channel (IKr: the rapid components of the delayed rectifier potassium current) blocker, was more than 75% for lidocaine-resistant ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation (VT/VF) in patients with out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA). However, there was no effective treatment for the remaining 25% of patients in whom defibrillation was unsuccessful. We hypothesised that the combination therapy of NIF and left stellate ganglion block (LSGB) was useful for defibrillation in NIF-resistant VT/VF and investigated its efficacy in a retrospective study. Methods and results: We investigated sequentially 272 out-of-hospital CPA patients treated at Tokai University between April and December 2006. VT/VF occurred in 55 patients on arrival or during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). On the basis of our CPR algorithm, NIF was administered (0.15-0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) after the first direct-current cardioversion. NIF-resistant VT/VFs were observed in 15 out of 55 patients and LSGB was performed on 11 of these with administration of NIF. Sinus rhythm was restored in 7 patients following LSGB (64%) and complete recovery was achieved in 2 patients. In the non-LSGB group, however, all the patients died. Conclusions: The combination therapy of intravenous NIF and LSGB was useful for defibrillation in intractable VT/VF. It is a potential and innovative treatment strategy for IKr-channel blocker resistant VT/VF. (Cardiol J 2007; 14: 355-365