The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19患者由来の血液細胞における遺伝子発現の網羅的解析 --重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化には、ヒトゲノム配列の個人差が影響する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target

Enantioselective Synthesis of Arylglycine Derivatives by Asymmetric Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Imines

The asymmetric arylation of imines with aryl boronic acids was realized by using rhodium/chiral bidentate phosphoramidite ligand ((R, R)-N-Me-BIPAM). This method affords a direct access to chiral α-amino acids in good yield with high enantioselectivities

Enantioselective 1,4-addition of arylboronic acids to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds catalyzed by rhodium(I)-chiral phosphoramidite complexes

A chiral bidentate phosphoramidite (5a) was synthesized from Shibasaki’s linked-(R)-BINOL and P(NMe2)3 as a new ligand for rhodium(I)-catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-addition of arylboronic acids to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The effects of 5a and Feringa’s monodentate phosphoramidite (4, R1, R2 = Et) on the yields and enantioselectivities were fully investigated. The reaction was significantly accelerated in the presence of a base such as KOH and Et3N, allowing the reaction to be completed at the lower temperatures than 50 °C. The addition to cyclic enones such as 2-cyclopentenone, 2-cyclohexenone and 2-cycloheptenone at 50 °C in the presence of an [Rh(coe)2Cl]2-4 (R1, R2 = Et) complex resulted in enantioselectivities up to 98%, though it was less effective for acyclic enones (0–70% ee). On the other hand, a complex between [Rh(nbd)2]BF4 and 5a completed the addition to cyclic enones within 2 h at room temperature in the presence of Et3N with 86–99% yields and 96–99.8% ee. This catalyst was also effective for acyclic enones, resulting in 62–98% yields and 66–94% ee. The 1,4-additions of arylboronic acids to unsaturated lactones and acyclic esters with rhodium(I)-phosphoramidites complexes were also investigated

Intramolecular allylboration of γ-(ω-formylalkoxy)allylboronates for syntheses of trans- or cis-2-(ethenyl)tetrahydropyran-3-ol and 2-(ethenyl)oxepan-3-ol

3-Alkoxy-1-alkynes 4 were hydroborated with pinacolborane (HBpin) to give 3-alkoxy-1-alkenylboronates 5. The latter gave (E)-3-alkoxyallylboronates (8: (E)-(MeO)2CHCH2(CH2)nCH2OCH=CHCH2Bpin, n=1–3) when they were subjected to iridium-catalyzed isomerization of the double bond. The corresponding (Z)-isomers 10 were synthesized by nickel-catalyzed isomerization of 5. Both allylboronates underwent intramolecular allylboration leading to the formation of trans-2-(ethenyl)tetrahydropyran-3-ol or 2-(ethenyl)oxepan-3-ol from 8 and the corresponding cis-isomers from 10 in the presence of Yb(OTf)3 (20 mol%) in aqueous acetonitrile at 90°C

An N-Linked Bidentate Phosphoramidite Ligand (N-Me-BIPAM) for Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4-Addition of Arylboronic Acids to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones

A new bidentate phosphoramidite (N-Me-BIPAM) based on Shibasaki’s N-linked BINOL was synthesized. This ligand appears to be highly effective for rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric conjugated addition of arylboronic acids to α,β-unsaturated enones. The reaction of ortho-substituted arylboronic acid with acyclic and cyclic enones provides the corresponding products in good yields and enantioselectivities

The Changes in Feeling of Being Supported, Skills, and Skills in Their Classes of Victimized Relationship-Improved Group

The Purpose of the present study was to examine which scale appears the difference between those who victimized-Relationship improved and those who not, in aspect of teachers' support, friends' support, and pro-social mood in the class. Participants in this study, 1165 Elementary pupils and Junior High School Students completed ASSESS; Adaptation Scale for School Environments on Six Spheres. The present results suggest that teachers' support and friends' support Improved Victimized Relationship, in Elementary school. Further study must be needed to scale more specific skills in a class. Also, this article is focusing on the factor of Improving Victimized Relationship, but in the future, another level of study in aspect of Preventative and Developmental and its way to evaluation must be considered

The Effects of Peer Support Program on Children's School Adjustment A Study from the Point of View of Comprehensive School Guidance and Counseling Program

The purpose of present study was to evaluate the effects of peer support program on children's school adjustment. Japanese children from third-grade to sixthgrade (n=710 by 2010 year, and n=950 by 2011 year) from 5 schools were given the peer support program. The control group (Japanese children from third-grade to sixth-grade (n=478 from 4 schools by 2010 year, and n=400 from 3 schools by 2011 year)) received no specific instruction. They completed a questionnaire about Adaptation Scale for School Environments on Six Spheres. The results indicated that children receiving peer support program performed significantly higher on some factors. These results suggest that peer support program is likely to make children be better adjusted to school. In order to make peer support program more effective, the practice combined with SEL (Social and Emotional Learning) and Collaborative Learning based on CSGCP (Comprehensive School Guidance and Counseling Program) is required

for Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4-Addition of Arylboronic Acids to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones

molecule

Ru/Me-BIPAM-Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Aliphatic Aldehydes and α-Ketoesters

A ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric arylation of aliphatic aldehydes and α-ketoesters with arylboronic acids has been developed, giving chiral alkyl(aryl)methanols and α-hydroxy esters in good yields. The use of a chiral bidentate phosphoramidite ligand (Me-BIPAM) achieved excellent enantioselectivities