Additional file 1: Table S1. of RNA-seq-based evaluation of bicolor tepal pigmentation in Asiatic hybrid lilies (Lilium spp.)

Summary of assembled sequences from the tepal parts of the Asiatic hybrid lily Lollypop. Table S3. Primers used for quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Figure S1. Phenylpropanoid, anthocyanin, and cinnamic acid derivative biosynthesis pathways in lily tepals. Enzymes whose genes are up-regulated in upper tepals (estimated by qRT-PCR) are shown in blue. 3GT, anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase; 3RT, anthocyanidin-3-glucoside rhamnosyltransferase; 4CL, 4-coumaroyl: CoA-ligase; 7GT, anthocyanidin-3-rutinoside 7-glucosyltransferase; ANS, anthocyanidin synthase; CHI, chalcone isomerase; CHS, chalcone synthase; C3H, p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase; C4H, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; DFR, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase; F3H, flavanone 3-hydroxylase; F3′H, flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase; FLS, flavonol synthase; GST, glutathione S-transferase; HCT, shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase; MATE, multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporter; PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. Figure S2. HPLC analysis of anthocyanins and CADs in upper tepals (upper) and tepal bases (basal) of lily cultivars. A: Absorbance at 525 nm (anthocyanins) of the tepal extracts in Lollypop, and cyanidin 3-O-glycoside (Cy3G) and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside (Cy3R) standards. B: Absorbance at 340 nm (CADs) of the tepal extracts in six cultivars. Figure S3. Alignment of predicted amino acid sequences of isoforms annotated as LhPAL1, LhPAL2, and LhPAL3 (A), and LhCHSa and LhCHSb (B). Letters on black and grey backgrounds indicate identical and similar amino acids, respectively. Asterisks indicate stop codons. Figure S4. Relative expression levels of c30288_g1 (HCT), c10735_g1 (MYB3), c25442_g1 (MYB8), c25442_g2, c24227_g1 (R3-MYB), c24227_g2 (R3-MYB), c18278_g2 (R3-MYB), c36339_g1 (SPL9), and c16635-g1 (RCP1) in upper tepals and tepal bases of Lollypop during floral development (St 1–5). ACTIN was used to normalize the expression of target genes. Values and vertical bars indicate the mean ± standard error (n = 3). The same letters above the columns indicate that the values are not statistically significant (p <0.05) by Tukey’s HSD. Figure S5. Relative expression levels of LhMYB12 in Sugar Love and WD40 in Sugar Love and Montreux in upper tepals and tepal bases during floral development (St 1–5, A) and flowers of the cultivars Montreux and Sugar Love (B). ACTIN was used to normalize the expression of target genes. Values and vertical bars indicate the means ± standard error (n = 3). The same letters above the columns indicate that the values are not statistically significant (p <0.05) by Tukey’s HSD. Figure S6. Putative miR828 and pri-miR828 sequences in Lollypop. A: Putative miR828 and its target site appeared in c22900_g1 (MYB12). B: Sequence alignment of c13793_g1 and pri-miR828 in Glycine max [GmPri-miR828a (NR_126648) and GmPri-miR828b (NR_126651)], Vitis vinifera [VvPri-miR828a (NR_127861) and VvPri-miR828b (LM611741)], and Malus domestica [MdPri-miR828b (NR_120979) and MdPri-miR828a (NR_120978)]. (PDF 1261 kb

Additional file 2: Table S2. of RNA-seq-based evaluation of bicolor tepal pigmentation in Asiatic hybrid lilies (Lilium spp.)

Annotation and expression summary of differentially expressed genes. (XLSX 216 kb

Active Surface Oxygen for Catalytic CO Oxidation on Pd(100) Proceeding under Near Ambient Pressure Conditions

Catalytic CO oxidation reaction on a Pd(100) single-crystal surface under several hundred mTorr pressure conditions has been studied by ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. In-situ observation of the reaction reveals that two reaction pathways switch over alternatively depending on the surface temperature. At lower temperatures, the Pd(100) surface is covered by CO molecules and the CO₂ formation rate is low, indicating CO poisoning. At higher temperatures above 190 °C, an O–Pd–O trilayer surface oxide phase is formed on the surface and the CO₂ formation rate drastically increases. It is likely that the enhanced rate of CO₂ formation is associated with an active oxygen species that is located at the surface of the trilayer oxide

High-Pressure NO-Induced Mixed Phase on Rh(111): Chemically Driven Replacement

The interaction between nitric oxide (NO) and Rh(111) surface has been investigated by a combination of near-ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction, and density functional theory calculations. Under low-temperature and ultrahigh vacuum conditions, our experimental and computational results are consistent with the previous reports for NO adsorption phases on Rh(111). While at room temperature and upon exposure to gaseous NO of 100 mTorr, NO molecules partially dissociate followed by chemical removal of atomic nitrogen by NO from the surface, and the remaining atomic oxygen and NO form a NO/O mixed phase. Interestingly, this mixed phase is stable even after NO evacuation and shows a well-ordered (2 × 2) periodicity. These observations provide a new insight into the NO/Rh(111) system under near-ambient-pressure condition

In Situ Ambient Pressure XPS Study of CO Oxidation Reaction on Pd(111) Surfaces

The CO oxidation reaction on the Pd(111) model catalyst at various temperatures (200–400 °C) under hundreds mTorr pressure conditions has been monitored by in situ ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. In situ observation of the reaction revealed that the Pd(111) surface is covered by CO molecules at a lower temperature (200 °C), while at higher temperatures (300–400 °C) several oxide phases are formed on the surface. We found that the reactivity is enhanced in the presence of a surface oxide and significantly suppressed by formation of a cluster oxide and the PdO bulk oxide. CO titration experiments suggest that less coordinated oxygen atoms are more reactive for CO oxidation