Synthesis of aurachins B and H

<p>The synthesis of aurachin B, an antibiotic that features a C3-oxygen-substituted quinoline <i>N</i>-oxide nucleus bearing a farnesyl side chain at C4, was accomplished in 60% overall yield from <i>o</i>-nitrotoluene by a concise five-step sequence. An enantioselective synthesis of aurachin H was also achieved for the first time in only two steps from an optically active epoxy iodide.</p

Data for simulation, amplicon sequencing, body weights of termites, and protist morphology from Transmission dynamics of symbiotic protist communities in the termite gut: association with host adult eclosion and dispersal

This file includes: Table S1 Protist community composition in hypothetical workers and nymphs for the simulation of vertical transmission; Fig. S1 Proportions of Trichonympha agilis and Teranympha mirabilis; Fig. S2 Phylogenetic tree of oxymonad protists and 20 OTUs derived from amplicon sequencing; Fig. S3 Phylogenetic tree of parabasalid protists and OTUs derived from amplicon sequencing; Fig. S4 Protist community of each caste determined by amplicon sequencing; Table S2 Detection rate of oxymonad protists from each caste based on amplicon sequencing; Table S3 Detection rate of parabasalid protists from each caste based on amplicon sequencing; Fig. S5 Gut and body weights of workers, nymphs, and alates; Fig. S6 Specific detection of two oxymonad protist species by fluorescence in situ hybridization in each caste; Fig. S7 Morphological changes in two oxymonad protist species during alate eclosio

Active H3K27me3 demethylation by KDM6B is required for normal development of bovine preimplantation embryos

<p>The substantial epigenetic remodeling that occurs during early stages of mammalian embryonic development likely contributes to reprogramming the parental genomes from a differentiated to a totipotent state and activation of the embryonic genome. Trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3) is a repressive mark that undergoes global dynamic changes during preimplantation development of several species. To ascertain the role of H3K27me3 in bovine preimplantation development we perturbed the activity of KDM6B, which demethylates H3K27me3. Knockdown of maternal <i>KDM6B</i> mRNA inhibited the reduction in global levels of H3K27me3 from 2-cell to 8-cell embryo stages and compromised development to the blastocyst stage; embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage had fewer inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cells. In addition, the transcriptome of <i>KDM6B</i> knockdown embryos was altered at the 8-cell stage and characterized by downregulation of transcripts related to transcriptional regulation, chromatin remodeling, and protein catabolism. Inhibiting the catalytic activity of KDM6B with a specific small molecule inhibitor also prevented the global decrease in H3K27me3 and compromised development to the blastocyst stage. These results indicate that histone demethylation activity, mediated by KDM6B, is required for the global decrease in H3K27me3, correct activation of the embryonic genome, and development to the blastocyst stage in bovine embryos.</p