Fresh-marketable tomato yields enhanced by moderate weed control and suppressed fruit dehiscence with woodchip mulching

The use of plastic film imposes various environmental risks in agroecosystems. The replacement of plastics with organic materials for mulching has been suggested to enhance the sustainability of agroecosystems. However, whether woodchip mulch can be used for annual crops needs to be verified. We examined the effects of mulberry woodchip mulches on tomato-fruit yields over two successive years. Mulberry is the unique food plant of silkworms, and it will be better if its pruned shoots can be recycled rather than incinerated as waste. Setting three treatments, including woodchip mulch, weed-free and weedy (i.e., unweeded) treatments, we compared the amounts of fresh-marketable and unmarketable tomato fruits. The yields of fresh-marketable tomato fruits in the woodchip mulch treatment were significantly 16–57% higher than those in the weed-free treatment and comparable to those in the weedy treatment. The yields of unmarketable dehiscent tomato fruits in the weed-free treatment were significantly 46–86% higher than those of the other two treatments. The woodchip mulches extensively suppressed the weed density, while the grown weeds became large, preventing strong sunlight exposure and dehiscence of tomato fruits. Current results suggest that woodchips could be a possible alternative to plastics, facilitating climate change mitigation with agroforestry practices

CADの研究 : 主要企業のアンケートをもとに

CAD (Computer aided design) is rapidly spreading to the entire industrial world. The results of the analysis of questionnaires returned from all fields of principal enterprises of the industrial circles which make use of CAD have been examined in the present paper. The questionnaires covered such items as the aim of introducing CAD, the effects of its introduction, some problems and measures to counter them after the introduction, the rate of introduction, the policy thereafter, and prospects for the future. Many date have been obtained which are useful to those engaged in CAD

Structural difference due to intramolecular stacking interactions in dinuclear rhodium(III) complexes [{Rh(η5-C5Me5)(L)}2]n+containing pyrimidine-2-thionate and related ligands

Self-assembling reactions between [Rh(η5-C5Me5)(H2O)3]2+and pyrimidine-2-thionate(pymt) or related ligands[L; mpymt = 4-methyl-pyrimidine-2-thionate(1-), dmpymt = 4,6-dimethylpyrimidine-2-thionate(1-), apymt = 4-aminopyrimidine-2-thionate(1-), dapymt = 4,6-diaminopyrimidine-2-thionate(1-), or mpol = 2-sulfanyl-3-pyridinolate(2-)] were carried out and the products characterized by UV/vis, NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and crystal structure analysis. All products are dinuclear rhodium(III) complexes of [{Rh(η5-C5Me5)(L)}2]n+: three crystal structures with mpymt, dmpymt and mpol were determined. The mpymt and dmpymt ligands co-ordinate through a 1κ2N,S:2κS mode and the two pyrimidine rings are located in cis position,whereas mpol adopts a five-membered chelating mode with 1κ2S,O:2κS and the two pyrimidine rings are located in trans position. Such structural difference can reasonably be explained by the　intramolecular stacking interaction between the two bridging ligands

カンジャ キョウイク シドウ ギジュツ オ ガクシュウ スル タメ ニ ドウニュウ シタ ガクセイカン ノ role-playホウ ニ ヨル コウカ ノ イチコウサツ : 2ガタ トウニョウビョウ ノ セイジン ジレイ ノ インスリン チュウシャ ショクジ シドウ オ トオシテ

本研究は、糖尿病患者の事例を用いて、role-play法による教育指導演習後の学びを調査し、学習効果を考察することを目的とした。対象はT短期大学看護学科3年生72名とした。その結果、演習後の学生の学びは、「対象者が理解できる説明」、「行動変容に向けた教育指導の展開」、「看護師自身の準備と態度」、「対象理解の重要性」の4つのカテゴリーに分類され、「支援」、「具体性」、「準備」、「態度」の要因から構成されていた。学生間のrole-play法を用いた患者教育演習での学習効果は、対象者の理解状況を把握しようとする態度で行動変容に向けて支援する具体策を用いて指導していくこと、患者教育指導内容を準備して指導することであった。This study utilizes the case study of diabetic patients to examine learning from the demonstration of educational instruction through the role-play method and to evaluate its pedagogical effects. The subjects of this study are 72 sophomore nursing students at T junior college. As a result of research, post-demonstration learning among the students was broken into four categories of "explanation comprehensible to the learning subject", "development of teaching instruction directed toward behavioral change", "preparedness and attitude of nurses themselves", and "importance of understanding the learning subject", and it was structured from factors of support, concreteness, preparedness, and attitude. The learning effects for students who used the role-play method during demonstration of patients\u27 education was to guide the learning subjects with an attitude that assess their patients\u27 understanding level and to do this with concrete strategies that supported behavioral change while preparing and guiding the content of patients\u27 education

ジコ ケットウ ソクテイ ギジュツ エンシュウ ニ オケル ガクセイ ノ マナビ ノ ブンセキ

本研究では、看護学科2年次学生32名を対象に自己血糖測定(SMBG)技術演習を実施し、そこから学生の学びを明らかにすることを目的に技術演習後のレポートを分析した。結果、SMBG技術演習後の学生の学びは108のコードから12のサブカテゴリーが抽出され、さらに「実施者としての気づき(41)」、「患者の立場から考える(34)」、「技術演習の意義(17)」、「患者指導の場面を考える(16)」、の4つのカテゴリーに分類された。「実施者としての気づき」では学生は「実施者の恐怖(26)」を述べていた。「患者の立場に立って考える」では「SMBG実施に伴う困難(16)」、「実施に伴う感情・立場の理解(14)」や「インスリン自己注射を行う患者の不安・恐怖の予測(2)」について学んでいた。「患者指導の場面を考える」は「経験したことで患者指導にいかすことができる(9)」、指導時の「看護師の関わり方を考える(7)」等で構成された。学生は自己の体験からSMBG継続性の困難や、その後インスリン自己注射を行う患者の不安・恐怖の予測といった実際のSMBG導入に伴う患者の立場を踏まえた学びや指導場面を想定した学びにつながったと推察される。The purpose of this research is to clarify what students have learned through analyzing reports written by the 32 sophomore-nursing students who conducted practical training for self-monitoring of blood glucose: SMBG. We classified what the students have learned from the training under 108 items, and 12 subcategories were extracted from the items. The 12 subcategories were further classified into 4 categories; awareness as users\u27 position, thinking from the patients\u27 ground, significance of practical training, and method in teaching patients. The students described users\u27 fear regarding awareness of their position. Also they described that hardship in the operation of SMBG, understanding of emotion and position with implementation, and awareness of misgivings and fear for insulin self-injection regarding thinking from the patients\u27 ground. The contents of the method in teaching patients\u27 included for the students getting an ability to reflect the experiences upon their practical job and respecting the nurse- patient relationship at the education. The students\u27 experience will make them possible to find out the patients\u27 realistic situation that they have the hardship of SMBG continuation and misgivings and fear with insulin self-injection. Their findings may contribute to learning to reflect the patient situation at the point of SMBG initiation and to imagine the scene of the patient education

Associations between Chest CT Abnormalities and Clinical Features in Patients with the Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus. It involves multiple organ systems, including the lungs. However, the significance of the lung involvement in SFTS remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the clinical findings and abnormalities noted in the chest computed tomography (CT) of patients with SFTS. The medical records of 22 confirmed SFTS patients hospitalized in five hospitals in Nagasaki, Japan, between April 2013 and September 2019, were reviewed retrospectively. Interstitial septal thickening and ground-glass opacity (GGO) were the most common findings in 15 (68.1%) and 12 (54.5%) patients, respectively, and lung GGOs were associated with fatalities. The SFTS patients with a GGO pattern were elderly, had a disturbance of the conscious and tachycardia, and had higher c-reactive protein levels at admission (p = 0.009, 0.006, 0.002, and 0.038, respectively). These results suggested that the GGO pattern in patients with SFTS displayed disseminated inflammation in multiple organs and that cardiac stress was linked to higher mortality. Chest CT evaluations may be useful for hospitalized patients with SFTS to predict their severity and as early triage for the need of intensive care

Clinical Differentiation of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome from Japanese Spotted Fever

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and Japanese spotted fever (JSF; a spotted fever group rickettsiosis) are tick-borne zoonoses that are becoming a significant public health threat in Japan and East Asia. Strategies for treatment and infection control differ between the two; therefore, initial differential diagnosis is important. We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics of SFTS and JSF based on symptomology, physical examination, laboratory data, and radiography findings at admission. This retrospective study included patients with SFTS and JSF treated at five hospitals in Nagasaki Prefecture, western Japan, between 2013 and 2020. Data from 23 patients with SFTS and 38 patients with JSF were examined for differentiating factors and were divided by 7:3 into a training cohort and a validation cohort. Decision tree analysis revealed leukopenia (white blood cell [WBC] < 4000/µL) and altered mental status as the best differentiating factors (AUC 1.000) with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Using only physical examination factors, absence of skin rash and altered mental status resulted in the best differentiating factors with AUC 0.871, 71.4% sensitivity, and 90.0% specificity. When treating patients with suspected tick-borne infection, WBC < 4000/µL, absence of skin rash, and altered mental status are very useful to differentiate SFTS from JSF