The effect of endurance training on the cardiac apelin gene expression in Wistar male rats

زمینه و هدف: اپلین، پروتئین مؤثر بر عملکرد عروق می باشد که به فراوانی در بافت قلبی میوکارد پستانداران دیده می شود. این پپتید و گیرنده‌ی آن در لایه میانی آئورت و شریان‌های کرونری به خوبی شناسایی شده‌اند. اپلین دارای کارکردهای قلبی عروقی گوناگون می ‌باشد و سبب کاهش فشار خون می‌شود، لذا هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی اثر یک دوره تمرین استقامتی بر بیان ژن اپلین در بطن چپ قلب موش‌های نر نژاد ویستار است. روش بررسی: در تحقیق تجربی حاضر تعداد 12 عدد موش صحرائی به دو گروه کنترل و تجربی تقسیم شدند. موش‌های گروه تجربی (6n=) مدت 8 هفته، 5 روز در هفته، با سرعت متوسط 28 متر در دقیقه (شیب صفر درجه) و به مدت 60 دقیقه، روی نوار گردان تمرین داده شدند. 24 ساعت پس از آخرین جلسه‌ی تمرین ورزشی، رت ها بیهوش شدند. پس از شکاف سینه، بافت قلب جدا شد، سپس RNA هر نمونه تبدیل به cDNA شد. پس از پایان واکنش و تعیین خط آستانه، سیکل آستانه ژن مورد نظر با ژن خانه‌ گردان میزان بیان نسبی ژن اپلین نظر از روش 2-∆∆Ct به دست آمد. برای تجزیه تحلیل داده ها از آزمون t مستقل استفاده شد. یافته ها: نتایج به روشنی نشان داد که بیان ژن اپلین پس از 8 هفته تمرین استقامتی نسبت به گروه کنترل افزایش معنی دار (2 برابر) یافته است (05/0>P). نتیجه گیری: تمرینات استقامتی بر افزایش بیان ژن اپلین تاثیر مثبتی داشته و بدین وسیله می تواند در پیشگیری از بیماری قلبی عروقی موثر می باشد

Effects of Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes on One-Carbon Cycle and Sperm Function

Objective: Diabetic men suffer an increased risk of infertility associated with signs of oxidative damage and decreasedmethylation in sperm pointing to a deficit of the one-carbon cycle (1CC). We aimed to investigate this deficit using micemodels (type 1 and 2) of streptozotocin-induced diabetes.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 50 male mice, aged eight weeks, were divided randomly intofour groups: sham, control, type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), and DM2. The DM1 group was fed a normal diet (ND) foreight weeks, followed by five consecutive days of intraperitoneal administration of Streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg bodyweight). The DM2 group was fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks, followed by a single intraperitoneal injectionof STZ (100 mg/kg). After twelve weeks, all the mice were euthanized, and study parameters assessed. In the shamgroup, citrate buffer as an STZ solvent was injected.Results: Both types of diabetic animals had serious impairment of spermatogenesis backed by increased DNA damage(P=0.000) and decreased chromatin methylation (percent: P=0.019; intensity: P=0.001) and maturation (P=0.000).The 1CC was deeply disturbed with increased homocysteine (P=0.000) and decreased availability of carbon units[methionine (P=0.000), serine (P=0.088), folate (P=0.016), B12 (P=0.025)] to feed methylations.Conclusion: We have observed a distinct impairment of 1CC within the testes of individuals with diabetes. Wespeculate that this impairment may be linked to inadequate intracellular glucose and diminished carbon unit supplyassociated with diabetes. As a result, interventions focusing on enhancing glucose uptake into sperm cells and providingsupplementary methyl donors have the potential to improve fertility issues in diabetic patients. However, additionalclinical testing is required to validate these hypotheses

The Impact of High-Intensity Interval Training on Vascular Function in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Aim: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) compared with moderateintensity continuous training (MICT) or with no exercise (CON) on vascular function in adults who were free of cardiometabolic diseases and those with cardiometabolic diseases. Methods: A search across three electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science was conducted through February 2022 to identify the randomized trials evaluating HIIT vs. MICT and/or CON on vascular function as measured using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in adults. Separate analyses were conducted for HIIT vs. MICT and/or CON to calculate weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) using random or fixed models. Results: A total of 36 studies involving 1,437 participants who were either free of cardiometabolic diseases or had cardiometabolic diseases were included in the meta-analysis. HIIT effectively increased FMD when compared with MICT [1.59% (95% CI 0.87–2.31), p = 0.001] or CON [3.80% (95% CI 2.58–5.01), p = 0.001]. Subgroup analysis showed that HIIT increased FMD in participants with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, but not in participants who were free of cardiometabolic diseases. In addition, HIIT effectively increased FMD regardless of age and body mass index. Conclusion: We confirm that HIIT is effective for improving vascular function in individuals with metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases and has a superior effect compared to MICT, demonstrating time efficiency. Systematic review registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42022320863]

The effect of aerobic and resistance training on Omentin-1 and Nesfatin-1 levels in adults: A systematic review and meta -Analysis

Background and Aims: Adipokines omentin-1 and nesfatin-1 are hormones secreted from adipose tissue that effectively regulate metabolic pathways. On the other hand, exercise training plays a positive role in preventing metabolic diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic and resistance training on the levels of omentin-1 and nesfatin-1 in adults. Materials and Methods: A systematic search of English and Persian articles published in PubMed, Web of Science, SID, Scopus, and Magiran databases was conducted until September 2023. A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of aerobic and resistance training on the levels of omentin-1 and nesfatin-1 in adults. The mMean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random effect model. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 test, and diffusion bias was evaluated by visual analysis of the funnel plot and Egger's test. Results: In total, 26 studies, including 29 exercise interventions and 722 adults, 409 participants in the exercise group with an average age of 32.45 ± 3.71, and 313 participants in the control group with an average age of 29.86 ± 2.34 were added to the present meta-analysis. The results showed that exercise training caused a significant increase in omentin-1 [SMD=1.37, 0.83 to 1.91, P=0.001] and nesfatin-1 [SMD= 0.69, 0.01 to 1.37, P=0.04] compared to the control group in adults. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that both types of aerobic and resistance training lead to a significant increase in the levels of omentin-1 and nesfatin-1. It seems that exercise training can be a non-pharmacological and practical intervention to regulate adipokines in adults

Effects of A 4-Week Aerobic Exercise on Lipid Profile and Expression of LXRα in Rat Liver

Objective Liver X receptors (LXRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors of the nuclear hormonal receptor superfamily which modulate the expression of genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Hence, further unraveling of the molecular function of this gene may be helpful in preventing cardiovascular diseases. Materials and Methods This experimental intervention study included twelve adult Wistar male rats (12-14 weeks old, 200-220 g) which were divided into the control (n=6) and training (n=6) groups. The training group received exercise on a motor-driven treadmill at 28 meters/minute (0% grade) for 60 minutes a day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the last session of exercise. A portion of the liver was excised, immediately washed in ice-cold saline and frozen in liquid nitrogen for extraction of total RNA. Plasma was collected for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) measurements. All variables were compared by independent t test. Results A significant increase in LXRα transcript level was observed in trained rats (P0.05). Conclusion We found that endurance training induces significant elevation in LXRα gene expression and plasma HDL-C concentration resulting in depletion of the cellular cholesterol. Therefore, it seems that a contributor to the positive effects of exercise in cardiovascular disease prevention is through the expression of LXRα, which is a key step in reverse cholesterol transport

A comparative study on the effects of high-fat diet and endurance training on the PGC-1α-FNDC5/irisin pathway in obese and non-obese male C57BL/6 mice

The present study was performed to clarify how a combined exercise/diet treatment could affect the expression level of the muscle Fndc5 with respect to the body fat mass. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 2 groups including low-fat (LF) and high-fat (HF) diets for 12 weeks. Then, LF fed (non-obese) and HF fed mice (obese), were divided into 4 groups: HF-Exercise, HF-Sedentary, LF-Exercise and LF-Sedentary. The exercise group received exercise, on a motor-driven treadmill for 45 min/day, 5 days/week during 8 weeks. Mice were sacrificed 24 hours after the final exercise session. Gastrocnemius muscle and the visceral adipose tissue were excised and frozen for the assessment of Pgc-1Îą and Fndc5 mRNA and protein levels. Data indicated that protein level of muscle PGC-1Îą was decreased in HF vs LF groups and in obese vs non-obese mice. Moreover, Fndc5 mRNA levels were increased in the muscle tissue of HF vs LF groups and, in obese vs non-obese mice. Also, in the gastrocnemius skeletal muscle, protein levels of FNDC5 were significantly higher in the high-fat fed mice, as compared to their low-fat fed counterparts, similar to what was observed for exercised vs sedentary mice. Overall, we found that the high fat diet increased Fndc5 transcript levels in the skeletal muscle, but exercise had a minimal effect on the transcript level of Fndc5, whereas endurance training increased the protein content of FNDC5 in the skeletal muscle.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author