Improved detection of Probe Request Attacks : Using Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithm

The Media Access Control (MAC) layer of the wireless protocol, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11, is based on the exchange of request and response messages. Probe Request Flooding Attacks (PRFA) are devised based on this design flaw to reduce network performance or prevent legitimate users from accessing network resources. The vulnerability is amplified due to clear beacon, probe request and probe response frames. The research is to detect PRFA of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) using a Supervised Feedforward Neural Network (NN). The NN converged outstandingly with train, valid, test sample percentages 70, 15, 15 and hidden neurons 20. The effectiveness of an Intruder Detection System depends on its prediction accuracy. This paper presents optimisation of the NN using Genetic Algorithms (GA). GAs sought to maximise the performance of the model based on Linear Regression (R) and generated R > 0.95. Novelty of this research lies in the fact that the NN accepts user and attacker training data captured separately. Hence, security administrators do not have to perform the painstaking task of manually identifying individual frames for labelling prior training. The GA provides a reliable NN model and recognises the behaviour of the NN for diverse configurations

Control Plane Compression

We develop an algorithm capable of compressing large networks into a smaller ones with similar control plane behavior: For every stable routing solution in the large, original network, there exists a corresponding solution in the compressed network, and vice versa. Our compression algorithm preserves a wide variety of network properties including reachability, loop freedom, and path length. Consequently, operators may speed up network analysis, based on simulation, emulation, or verification, by analyzing only the compressed network. Our approach is based on a new theory of control plane equivalence. We implement these ideas in a tool called Bonsai and apply it to real and synthetic networks. Bonsai can shrink real networks by over a factor of 5 and speed up analysis by several orders of magnitude.Comment: Extended version of the paper appearing in ACM SIGCOMM 201

An ANFIS approach to transmembrane protein prediction

This paper is concerned with transmembrane prediction analysis. Most of novel drug design requires the use of Membrane proteins. Transmembrane protein structure allows pharmaceutical industry to design new drugs based on structural layout. However, laboratory experimental structure determination by X-ray crystallography is difficult to be achieved as the hydrophobic molecules do not crystalize easily. Moreover, the sheer number of proteins demands a computational solution to transmembrane regions identifications. This research therefore presents a novel Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) approach to predict and analyze of membrane helices in amino acid sequences. The ANFIS technique is implemented to predict membrane helices using sliding window data capturing. The paper uses hydrophobicity and propensity to encode the datasets using the conventional one letter symbol of amino acid residues. The computer simulation results show that the offered ANFIS methodology predicts transmembrane regions with high accuracy for randomly selected proteins

Research barriers from the viewpoint of faculty members and employees of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences

Aims: Undoubtedly the power, development and real independency of countries have a straight relationship with their ability to produce science and developing research activities. This research was performed to determine the research barriers from the view point of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences faculty members and employees. Methods: In this descriptive analytic cross-sectional study which was carried out on in 2006-07, 480 of the faculty members and employees of on Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences were selected by census (for faculty members) and randomize cluster (for employees) sampling methods. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire consisting of 3 individual characteristics, organizational barriers and individual barriers in Likert scale. Data analysis was done by student’s T, Chi square and variance analysis tests. Results: 452 questionnaires were returned. The most important barriers of research were “inadequate incentives in researchers”, “inadequate time and lots of work”, “too much official red tapes”, “not using the research results” and “inability to translate Persian articles to other languages”, respectively. The least important barriers were “not interesting in research”, “difficulties in computer usage” and “limited benefit of research to patients”. The mean of organizational barriers was more than personal barriers (p<0.0001). There was a significant difference between the mean of organizational and individual barriers of research among faculty members and employees (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Removing these barriers by the research officials & hospital managers is necessary

Knowledge, attitude and practice about breast cancer screening and related factors among women referred to health care centers in Boroujen in 2005

زمینه و هدف: سرطان پستان شایع ترین سرطان در زنان است. به طوری 16 کل سرطان ها را در ایران به خود اختصاص می دهد و در ایالات متحده آمریکا چهارمین علت مرگ زنان به شمار می آید. از آنجایی که روش های غربالگری از جمله بهترین روش های تشخیص زودرس سرطان پستان می باشند که انجام آنها به طور چشمگیری از شیوع سرطان پیشگیری می کند، لذا این مطالعه به منظور بررسی آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد زنان مراجعه کننده به مراکز بهداشتی درمانی شهر بروجن نسبت به روشهای غربالگری سرطان پستان انجام گردید. روش بررسی: در یک مطالعه توصیفی - تحلیلی تعداد 400 زن بالای 20 سال از طریق نمونه گیری آسان انتخاب شدند. اطلاعات با استفاده از یک پرسشنامه که شامل مشخصات دموگرافیک و سؤالات آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد بود جمع آوری گردید. این اطلاعات توسط آزمون های رگرسیون لوجستیک و آزمون کای دو مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرارگرفت. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد 8/37 افراد از خودآزمائی، 8/7 از معاینه فیزیکی و 6 افراد از ماموگرافی آگاهی داشتند. نگرش کلی در مورد روشهای غربالگری 6/15 منفی 7/67 در حد متوسط و 7/16 مثبت بود. 1/47 افراد به انجام خودآزمائی، 2/71 به معاینه فیزیکی و 9/68 به انجام ماموگرافی تمایل داشتند. 5/4 افراد خودآزمائی را بطور مرتب و ماهیانه انجام می دادند. در 3/16 افراد معاینه فیزیکی توسط پزشک و کارکنان بهداشتی انجام شده بود که فقط 4 به منظور غربالگری صورت گرفته بود. 3/4 افراد ماموگرافی غربالگری انجام داده بودند. مهمترین عامل مؤثر بر خودآزمائی، سابقه وجود بیماری خوش خیم پستان در فرد بود (05/0

Effect of Vitagnus and Passi-pay on hot flash of menopausal women

زمینه و هدف: دوران یائسگی به دنبال دوران حساس و بحرانی کلیماکتریک همراه با عوارض و پیامدهایی می باشد که می توانند بر کیفیت زندگی زن تأثیر گذاشته و احساس خوب و سالم بودن را در او تضعیف نمایند. شایع ترین و آزار دهنده ترین این پیامدها گرگرفتگی می باشد نظر به اینکه گرگرفتگی بر کار، فعالیت های اجتماعی، لذت از زندگی، اوقات فراغت، خواب و کیفیت کلی زندگی تأثیر می گذارد و با توجه به اینکه درمان اصلی این حالت هورمون درمانی است که دارای عوارض و پیامدهای سوء بوده، پیگیری های مداوم را می طلبد، در عده ای منع مصرف داشته و گروهی نیز از مصرف آن راضی نیستند، بر آن شدیم تا با تعیین تأثیر دو داروی گیاهی فیتواستروژنی (حاوی موادی شبیه استروژن) بر گرگرفتگی، قدمی در جهت بهبود کیفیت زندگی زنان و ارتقاء سطح سلامتی آنان برداریم. مواد و روشها: پژوهش فوق از نوع کارآزمایی بالینی دو سوکور و آینده نگر می باشد که در سال 1381 در اصفهان انجام شده است. حجم نمونه در این مطالعه 81 نفر زنان 55-45 ساله واجد شرایط بوده که از گرگرفتگی شاکی و مایل به درمان بودند و به روش نمونه گیری آسان به طور تصادفی در سه گروه 27 نفری شامل گروه درمان با ویتاگنوس، گروه درمان با پاسی پی و گروه درمان با پلاسبو قرار گرفتند. اطلاعات از طریق مصاحبه، پرسشنامه، ویژگی های فردی و پرسشنامه شدت گرگرفتگی کوپرمن که قبل و پس از درمان در 3 مرحله توسط واحدهای مورد پژوهش تکمیل گردید جمع آوری شد و نتایج توسط آمار توصیفی و تحلیلی (من ویتنی، کراسکال والیس و ویل کاکسون) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج: یافته ها نشان داد که شدت گرگرفتگی بین سه گروه پس از درمان با استفاده از آزمون کراسکال والیس اختلاف آماری معنی داری وجود دارد (05/0

Impact of early admission in labor on maternal and neonatal outcomes in Hajar health-care center of Shahr-e-Kord, Iran.

Background and Aim: Time of hospitalization of women for delivery can have an important impact on the outcome of labor and attention to it could prevent many complications affecting mother and fetus. The aim of this study was to detect the impact of early admission of women in labor and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive and analytical study , 463 women with low risk Pregnancy ; single fetus and vertex presentation, that had been admitted in their latent phase (group 1) and 287 women who had similar characteristics and had been admitted in their active phase (group 2) were assessed in Hajar hospital from February to November 2004. Information recording forms and check lists were used for data collection. SPSS software, t-test, chi -square and logistic regression tests were used to analize the obtained data. P<0.05 was considered as the significant level. Results: 463 (61.7%) of women admitted were in their latent phase and 287 (38.3%) cases were in their active phase of labor. Mean age of mother, gestational age based on left mentoposterior (LMP) and sonography, mean birth weight and Apgar score of neonates were not significant in the two groups. Although the number of women who were augmentated with oxytocin due to dystocia were similar in the two groups (79.9% ,76.5%), the incidence of cesarean section in women who received oxytocin was more in group 1 than in group 2 (57.2% versus 25.8% , P<0.001). Total rate of cesarean section was more in group 1 than in group 2 (363 versus 118, P<0.001).The main Cause of cesarean section in group 1 was dystocia and in group 2 it was fetal distress. There was no difference in the rates of forceps delivery, vacuum extraction, neonatal intubation and postpartum hemorrhage in two groups. Conclusion: It is suggested that pregnant women should be sufficiently instructed about prenatal care regarding the signs of the beginning of active labor and they had better refer to the hospital when in the active phase of labor in order to prevent complications which could be resulted from early admission