Coping mechanisms of Junior high school students who feel unwell

本研究は，子どもに対する健康教育の具体的方策の検討に係る基礎的資料として，中学生の体調不良自覚の実態を調査するとともに，自覚症状に対する対処行動の傾向を明らかにすることを目的とし，以下の方法で分析を行った． ２００３年に中学生８１４名を対象として，睡眠や食事に関する生活習慣及び，体調不良の自覚とその際の対処行動に関する，独自の質問紙調査を実施し，記述統計及び項目間の有意差の検定を行った． ８１４名中，８０８名から有効回答が得られた．回答者の約３～４割が「腹痛」「頭痛」「倦怠感」を日常よく経験しており，対処行動には，学年，性別，体調不良自覚の頻度，生活習慣の違いによる選択率の有意差が生じていた． 体調不良の症状を自覚した際，中学生では学年が進むとともに他者依存から離れ，自己の判断により，よいと思う方法を選択する傾向に変化していた．中学生の時期には，自分の対処行動に伴う結果が適切な対処行動の選択に影響するとともに，学校や家庭での健康教育を含めたその他の要因が対処行動に関する知識の習得に影響していると考えられる．また，対処行動の選択には男女差が顕著な項目があり，男子は自己判断で対処する傾向があり，女子では他者に伝える傾向と，対処行動として合理的で確実な方法を選択する傾向があった． 以上の結果と考察から，発育段階，性差，生活の背景などを視野に入れた包括的，個別的な健康教育や保健指導の必要性が示唆された．The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of feeling unwell and the coping styles of Japanese junior high school students. A questionnaire survey of ８１４ junior high school students was conducted in ２００３． An original questionnaire was developed, consisting of questions relating to １） lifestyle, including sleeping and eating habits, and ２）the characteristics of feeling unwell and coping mechanisms. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and ▯２ or Wilcoxon to investigate the relationship between variables. Eight hundred and eight（８０８）questionnaire were returned. About ３０-４０% of respondents experienced stomach ache, headache and fatigue on a daily basis. Their grade, gender, lifestyle and the frequency of feeling unwell were associated with their coping styles. As students got older, their coping style became more independent. Junior high school may be the time to develop an independent coping style based on their own experiences as well as health education at school and home. There was a strong relationship between the coping style and gender. Girls tend to use a more internal locus of control and self-judgment, whereas girls tell others and choose rational and reliable strategies for coping. The results indicate that comprehensive and individualized health education and guidance incorporating personal development, gender and lifestyle are needed. The study’s results provide basic information for the development of health education strategies for school children

Serial Assessment of Immune Status by Circulating CD8+ Effector T Cell Frequencies for Posttransplant Infectious Complications

To clarify the role of CD8+ effector T cells for infectious complications, 92 recipients were classified according to the hierarchical clustering of preoperative CD8+CD45 isoforms: Group I was naive, Group II was effector memory, and Group III was effector (E) T cell-dominant. The posttransplant infection rates progressively increased from 29% in Group I to 64.3% in Group III recipients. The posttransplant immune status was compared with the pretransplant status, based on the measure (% difference) and its graphical form (scatter plot). In Groups I and II, both approaches showed a strong upward deviation from pretransplant status upon posttransplant infection, indicating an enhanced clearance of pathogens. In Group III, in contrast, both approaches showed a clear downward deviation from preoperative status, indicating deficient cytotoxicity. The % E difference and scatter plot can be used as a useful indicator of a posttransplant infectious complication

Risk factors predicting subtypes of physical frailty incidence stratified by musculoskeletal diseases in community-dwelling older adults: The SONIC study

Ohata Y., Godai K., Kabayama M., et al. Risk factors predicting subtypes of physical frailty incidence stratified by musculoskeletal diseases in community-dwelling older adults: The SONIC study. Geriatrics and Gerontology International, (2024); https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.14924.Aim: This study aims to identify the key risk factors that lead to subtypes of physical frailty assessed by walking speed and grip strength among community-dwelling Japanese individuals, stratified by the presence of musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) and age group. Methods: We included 302 participants aged 70 or 80 years who did not exhibit subtypes of physical frailty at baseline through the Septuagenarians, Octogenarians, Nonagenarians, Investigation with Centenarians (SONIC) study. Our study was a longitudinal study. The outcome was the incidence of subtypes of physical frailty after 3 years. Subtypes of physical frailty were defined as a weak grip strength or slow walking speed, or both, based on the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study Index. The risk factors for subtypes of physical frailty incidence were examined by age group and MSD, using multivariate logistic regressions. Results: Of the 302 participants, 110 (36.4%) had MSD. Those with MSD were significantly more likely to have subtypes of physical frailty after 3 years compared with those without MSD. Among all participants, older age was a risk factor of subtypes of physical frailty (P < 0.05). Without MSD, older age and dissatisfied financial status were risk factors (P < 0.05). With MSD, older age was a risk factor (P < 0.05). By age group, in individuals aged 70 years old, a dissatisfied financial status was a risk factor for those without MSD (P < 0.05), and a higher BMI was one for those with MSD (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Older age was a risk factor for subtypes of physical frailty, but other risk factors differed according to the presence of MSD and age

Association between serum vitamin D levels and skeletal muscle indices in an older Japanese population: The SONIC study

Onishi Y., Akasaka H., Hatta K., et al. Association between serum vitamin D levels and skeletal muscle indices in an older Japanese population: The SONIC study. Geriatrics and Gerontology International, (2024); https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.14951.Aim: Vitamin D (VD) affects skeletal muscles. The high prevalence of VD deficiency in Japan may lead to decreased skeletal muscle mass and strength, increasing the prevalence of sarcopenia. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between serum VD levels and skeletal muscle indices in a Japanese community-dwelling older population. Methods: We extracted data from the Septuagenarians, Octogenarians, Nonagenarians Investigation with Centenarians (SONIC) study. We analyzed the data for participants in the 70s and 90s age groups. Skeletal mass index (SMI) using bioimpedance analysis, grip strength, walking speed, and serum VD levels using 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured. Results: We analyzed the data of 310 participants in their 70s and 48 in their 90s. Mean serum 25(OH)D levels were 21.6 ± 5.0 ng/mL in the 70s group and 23.4 ± 9.1 ng/mL in the 90s group. In the 70s group, serum 25(OH)D levels correlated with SMI (r = 0.21, P < 0.0001) and grip strength (r = 0.30, P < 0.0001). Serum 25(OH)D levels were independently associated with SMI after adjusting for sex, body mass index, and serum albumin levels. In the 90s group, serum 25(OH)D levels were correlated with SMI (r = 0.29, P = 0.049) and grip strength (r = 0.34, P = 0.018). However, the multivariate analysis showed no independent association between SMI, grip strength, and serum 25(OH)D levels. Conclusion: In a cross-sectional analysis of an older population, serum VD levels were associated with SMI and grip strength, and this association was more pronounced in the 70s group than in the 90s group. Our results suggest that serum VD levels maintain skeletal muscle mass and grip strength

Invasive behavior of ulcerative colitis-associated carcinoma is related to reduced expression of CD44 extracellular domain: comparison with sporadic colon carcinoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To elucidate relations of invasion of ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated carcinoma with its prognosis, the characteristics of invasive fronts were analyzed in comparison with sporadic colonic carcinomas.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Prognoses of 15 cases of UC-associated colonic carcinoma were compared with those of sporadic colon carcinoma cases, after which 75 cases of sporadic invasive adenocarcinoma were collected. Tumor budding was examined histologically at invasive fronts using immunohistochemistry (IHC) of pancytokeratin. Expressions of beta-catenin with mutation analysis, CD44 extracellular domain, Zo-1, occludin, matrix matalloproteinase-7, laminin-5γ2, and sialyl Lewis X (Le^X) were immunohistochemically evaluated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>UC-associated carcinoma showed worse prognosis than sporadic colon carcinoma in all the cases, and exhibited a tendency to become more poorly differentiated when carcinoma invaded the submucosa or deeper layers than sporadic carcinoma. When the lesions were compared with sporadic carcinomas considering differentiation grade, reduced expression of CD44 extracellular domain in UC-associated carcinoma was apparent. Laminin-5γ2 and sialyl-Le^Xexpression showed a lower tendency in UC-associated carcinomas than in their sporadic counterparts. There were no differences in the numbers of tumor budding foci between the two lesion types, with no apparent relation to nuclear beta-catenin levels in IHC.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>UC-associated carcinoma showed poorer differentiation when the carcinoma invaded submucosa or deeper parts, which may influence the poorer prognosis. The invasive behavior of UC-associated carcinoma is more associated with CD44 cleavage than with basement membrane disruption or sialyl-Lewis-antigen alteration.</p

Recovery of fixed capital in the cotton industry during the British Industrial Revolution

本論文では、産業革命期のイギリスの綿工業を研究対象として、固定資本の回収計算について論じていくこととする。企業の継続的な経営のためには、損益計算などの会計的数値を使用した意思決定や業績評価が重要となる。これはどの時代にも通じることである。これまで、会計史分野では産業革命期の綿工業は資本規模の小さいことや現存する資料が少ないことから、十分な研究が行われてこなかった。産業革命期の綿工業は、株式会社形態をとる以前の企業形態ではあるが、相対的な固定資本の増加や経済的背景から原価計算が要請されていたと考えられる。そこで、原価計算の確立要件の中でも間接費の配賦、つまり、固定資本の回収に焦点を当て、James Montgomery の経営管理書を通じて検討を行った。departmental bulletin pape

The Critical Role of Disulfide Bond Formation in Protein Sorting in the Endosperm of Rice

Many seed storage proteins, including monomeric 2S albumin and polymeric prolamin, contain conserved sequences in three separate regions, termed A, B, and C, which contain the consensus motifs LxxC, CCxQL, and PxxC, respectively. Protein-sorting mechanisms in rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm were studied with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to different segments of rice α-globulin, a monomeric, ABC-containing storage protein. The whole ABC region together with GFP was efficiently transported to protein storage vacuoles (type II protein bodies [PB-II]) in the endosperm cells and sequestered in the matrix that surrounds the crystalloids. Peptide Gln-23 to Ser-43 in the A region was sufficient to guide GFP to PB-II. However, GFP fused with the AB or B region accumulated in prolamin protein bodies. Substitution mutations in the CCxQL motif in the B region significantly altered protein localization in the endosperm cells. Furthermore, protein extracts containing these substituted proteins had increased amounts of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperons BiP (for binding protein), protein disulfide isomerase, and calnexin as a part of protein complexes that were insoluble in a detergent buffer. These results suggest that the ER chaperons and disulfide bonds formed at the dicysteine residues in CCxQL play critical roles in sorting fused proteins in the endosperm cells