WHO DOES NOT HAVE ALZHEIMER DISEASE?

Dementia is a condition resulting in significant loss of intellectual abilities such as memory capacity, severe enough to interfere with social or occupational functioning. Many diseases can cause the dementia syndrome. Alzheimer disease (AD) and cerebrovascular disease (vascular dementia) are the two most common causes, and some cases of dementia involve both of these disorders. Some potentially reversible conditions, such as hypothyroidism, normal pressure hydrocephalus or vitamin B-12 deficiency, are often known to cause dementia. AD is clinically characterized by progressive cognitive decline associated with impairment in activities of daily living and progresisive behavioural disturbances throughout the disease. Of all cases of dementia, 50-80 % were cases of AD. Patients with symptoms of dementia should be thoroughly evaluated before they become inappropriately labeled AD. This article discusses differential diagnosis for dementia and who does riot have Alzheimer disease

ALOIS ALZHEIMER and ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

"Alois" Alzheimer (14 June 1864 19 December 1915) was a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist. Alzheimer is credited with identifying the first published case of "presenile dementia", which Kraepelin would later identify as Alzheimer's disease. Alois Alzheimer observed a patient at the Frankfurt named Auguste D (Deter). The 51-year-old patient had strange behavioral symptoms, including a loss of short-term memory. In April 1906, Deter died and Alzheimer had the patient records and the brain brought to Munich where he was working at Kraepelin's lab. He would use the staining techniques to identify amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. A speech given on November 1906 was the first time the pathology and the clinical symptoms of the disease were presented together. Alzheimer's disease destroys brain cells, causing memory loss and problems with thinking and behavior severe enough to affect work, lifelong hobbies or social life. Is the most common form of dementia. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 50 to 80 percent of dementia cases. Has no current cure

Adaptation And Norm Determination Study Of The Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) On Turkish Adults (Ages 50 And Over)

Objectives: Daily living activities are generally impaired in dementia and have to be assessed by standardized instruments. The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research recommends the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) as a particularly useful method for initial assessment of functional impairment. The FAQ is a brief, informant-based questionnaire that evaluates performance based on ten complex activities of daily living. The aim of the present study is to determine the normative values for a FAQ on Turkish adult sample between ages 50 and over. Material and Method: The present study consists of two phases: Translation/ adaptation and standardization. In the first phase, the questionnaire was translated into Turkish and the FAQ items were adapted to Turkish culture. In the second phase, the trained clinicians administered the new form to the subjects (usually a family member) who have substantial personal knowledge of the adult’s prior and current behavior. Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) scores were used as inclusion criteria for healthy elderly adults. The research sample consists of 213 healthy subjects and their family members. The research sample consists of 213 subjects (109 female, 104 male). A 3x3x2 (age: 50-59 / 60-69 / 70 and over) x education (5- 8 years / 9-11 years / 12 years and over) x sex (female / male) factorial design was used in the analysis. Results: The 3x3x2 factorial ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of age and education for the total FAQ score. Main effect of sex was not significant. No interaction effect (age x sex, age x education, sex x education and age x sex x education) on FAQ scores was statistically significant. Discussion: This study provides normative data for a psychometric tool that reliably measures the activities of daily living in normal healthy subjects. It further demonstrates the necessity of considering age and education when assessing the activities of daily living. It should be the material of future research to extend the standardization on the FAQ

POWER OF DISCRIMINATION OF MONTREAL COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT (MOCA) SCALE IN TURKISH PATIENTS WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIREMENT AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

Introduction: The MOCA is a screening device used to assess attention and concentration, executive functions, memory, language, visuo-spatial abilities, abstract thinking, calculation, and orientation domains. The main aim of this study is to carry out a cultural adaptation study and to evaluate the predictive validity of the MOCA in Turkish Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients

Trail Making Test: Normative data for Turkish elderly population by age, sex and education

Objective: Trail Making Test (TMT) is a neuropsychological test, which has parts A and B that can precisely measure executive functions, like complex visual-motor conceptual screening, planning, organization, abstract thinking and response inhibition. The main purpose of this study is to standardize TMT for Turkish adults and/or elderly population. This study primarily consists of two main parts; norm determination study and reliability/validity studies, respectively

Giant calcified and ossified midbrain tuberculoma

✓ A case of a giant calcified midbrain tuberculoma is presented. Although clinically the diagnosis of tuberculoma was suspected, the conclusive diagnosis could not be established before autopsy. Autopsy findings revealed an ossified and healed tuberculoma. The clinical and pathological findings are discussed.</jats:p

Circling seizures

Twelve cases with circling seizures are presented with their clinical, electroencephalographic and radiological findings. Four patients had symptomatic partial epilepsy, five had cryptogenic partial epilepsy, and the remaining three had idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Three of the patients with symptomatic partial epilepsy had frontal lesion, and one had parito-occipital lesion. Turning direction had no lateralizing value in patients with partial epilepsy. Based on our study we conclude that circling seizures may occur in different epileptic, syndromes and epilepsies. In cases with symptomatic partial epilepsy, lesions are mostly located in frontal lobes but also in parietooccipital areas