UNDERSTANDING DISABILITIES WITHIN SIBLING RELATIONSHIPS THROUGH EMERGING ADULTHOOD

Sibling relationships, one of the most important relationships an individual can have, plays a significant role during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. To properly comprehend how siblings can impact one another, the current study examined how disabilities impact sibling relationships during emerging adulthood. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the positive aspects of sibling relationships when one sibling has a disability. The second purpose is to contribute to previous literature by using a self-perspective lens on the experience through the lens of an emerging adult. Through a mixed methods approach, results showed that childhood sibling relationships have a significant direct impact on sibling relationships during adulthood. However, there was not a direct relationship between demographics in both childhood and adulthood relationships. After analyzing the opened questions, most of the participants agreed that they gained positive aspects and experiences from their sibling with a disability

UNDERSTANDING DISABILITIES WITHIN SIBLING RELATIONSHIPS THROUGH EMERGING ADULTHOOD

Sibling relationships, one of the most important relationships an individual can have, plays a significant role during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. To properly comprehend how siblings can impact one another, the current study examined how disabilities impact sibling relationships during emerging adulthood. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the positive aspects of sibling relationships when one sibling has a disability. The second purpose is to contribute to previous literature by using a self-perspective lens on the experience through the lens of an emerging adult. Through a mixed methods approach, results showed that childhood sibling relationships have a significant direct impact on sibling relationships during adulthood. However, there was not a direct relationship between demographics in both childhood and adulthood relationships. After analyzing the opened questions, most of the participants agreed that they gained positive aspects and experiences from their sibling with a disability

Unprepared for the depth of my feelings' - capturing grief in older people through research poetry

Background: Older people are more likely to experience bereavements than any other age group. However, in healthcare and society, their grief experiences and support needs receive limited attention. Through innovative, arts-based research poetry, this study aimed to capture older people's bereavement stories and the effects of grief on their physical and mental health. Method: Semi-structured in-depth interviews with 18 bereaved older adults were analysed using thematic and poetic narrative analysis, following a five-step approach of immersion, creation, critical reflection, ethics and engagement. Results: Research poems were used to illustrate three themes of bereavement experiences among older adults: feeling unprepared, accumulation of losses and ripple effects of grief. While half of participants reported that the death of their family member was expected, many felt unprepared despite having experienced multiple bereavements throughout their life. Instead, the accumulation of losses had a compounding effect on their health and well-being. While these ripple effects of grief focussed on emotional and mental health consequences, many also reported physical health effects like the onset of a new condition or the worsening of an existing one. In its most extreme form, grief was connected with a perceived increased mortality risk. Conclusions: By using poetry to draw attention to the intense and often long-lasting effects of grief on older people's health and well-being, this article offers emotional, engaging and immersive insights into their unique bereavement experiences and thereby challenges the notion that grief has an expiry date. © 2022 The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Geriatrics Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: [email protected]

Cost of College

We propose that we should alter the way public post-secondary institutions are funded in Ohio and suggest that the state of Ohio should subsidize some cost for the institution. In return, we hope this would trigger the institutions to cut tuition cost and in return, so students will have less of a financial burden when considering higher education.https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/raider_academy/1008/thumbnail.jp

Assessment of binge-like eating of unsweetened vs. sweetened chow pellets in BALB/c substrains

Binge eating disorder (BED) is defined as chronic episodes of consuming large amounts of food in less than 2 h. Binge eating disorder poses a serious public health problem, as it increases the risk of obesity, type II diabetes, and heart disease. Binge eating is a highly heritable trait; however, its genetic basis remains largely unexplored. We employed a mouse model for binge eating that focused on identifying heritable differences between inbred substrains in acute and escalated intake of sucrose-sweetened palatable food vs. unsweetened chow pellets in a limited, intermittent access paradigm. In the present study, we examined two genetically similar substrains of BALB/c mice for escalation in food consumption, incubation of craving after a no-food training period, and compulsive-like food consumption in an aversive context. BALB/cJ and BALB/cByJ mice showed comparable levels of acute and escalated consumption of palatable food across training trials. Surprisingly, BALB/cByJ mice also showed binge-like eating of the unsweetened chow pellets similar to the escalation in palatable food intake of both substrains. Finally, we replicated the well-documented decrease in anxiety-like behavior in BALB/cByJ mice in the light-dark conflict test that likely contributed to greater palatable food intake than BALB/cJ in the light arena. To summarize, BALB/cByJ mice show binge-like eating in the presence and absence of sucrose. Possible explanations for the lack of selectivity in binge-like eating across diets (e.g., novelty preference, taste) are discussed.U01 DA050243 - NIDA NIH HHS; U01 DA055299 - NIDA NIH HHSPublished versio

Unpacking the behavioural components and delivery features of early childhood obesity prevention interventions in the TOPCHILD Collaboration: a systematic review and intervention coding protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Little is known about how early (eg, commencing antenatally or in the first 12 months after birth) obesity prevention interventions seek to change behaviour and which components are or are not effective. This study aims to (1) characterise early obesity prevention interventions in terms of target behaviours, delivery features and behaviour change techniques (BCTs), (2) explore similarities and differences in BCTs used to target behaviours and (3) explore effectiveness of intervention components in preventing childhood obesity. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Annual comprehensive systematic searches will be performed in Epub Ahead of Print/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane (CENTRAL), CINAHL, PsycINFO, as well as clinical trial registries. Eligible randomised controlled trials of behavioural interventions to prevent childhood obesity commencing antenatally or in the first year after birth will be invited to join the Transforming Obesity in CHILDren Collaboration. Standard ontologies will be used to code target behaviours, delivery features and BCTs in both published and unpublished intervention materials provided by trialists. Narrative syntheses will be performed to summarise intervention components and compare applied BCTs by types of target behaviours. Exploratory analyses will be undertaken to assess effectiveness of intervention components. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study has been approved by The University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee (project no. 2020/273) and Flinders University Social and Behavioural Research Ethics Committee (project no. HREC CIA2133-1). The study's findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and targeted communication with key stakeholders. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020177408

Transforming Obesity Prevention for CHILDren (TOPCHILD) Collaboration: protocol for a systematic review with individual participant data meta-analysis of behavioural interventions for the prevention of early childhood obesity.

INTRODUCTION: Behavioural interventions in early life appear to show some effect in reducing childhood overweight and obesity. However, uncertainty remains regarding their overall effectiveness, and whether effectiveness differs among key subgroups. These evidence gaps have prompted an increase in very early childhood obesity prevention trials worldwide. Combining the individual participant data (IPD) from these trials will enhance statistical power to determine overall effectiveness and enable examination of individual and trial-level subgroups. We present a protocol for a systematic review with IPD meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of obesity prevention interventions commencing antenatally or in the first year after birth, and to explore whether there are differential effects among key subgroups. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Systematic searches of Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycInfo and trial registries for all ongoing and completed randomised controlled trials evaluating behavioural interventions for the prevention of early childhood obesity have been completed up to March 2021 and will be updated annually to include additional trials. Eligible trialists will be asked to share their IPD; if unavailable, aggregate data will be used where possible. An IPD meta-analysis and a nested prospective meta-analysis will be performed using methodologies recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. The primary outcome will be body mass index z-score at age 24±6 months using WHO Growth Standards, and effect differences will be explored among prespecified individual and trial-level subgroups. Secondary outcomes include other child weight-related measures, infant feeding, dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behaviours, sleep, parenting measures and adverse events. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Approved by The University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee (2020/273) and Flinders University Social and Behavioural Research Ethics Committee (HREC CIA2133-1). Results will be relevant to clinicians, child health services, researchers, policy-makers and families, and will be disseminated via publications, presentations and media releases. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020177408

Unpacking the behavioural components and delivery features of early childhood obesity prevention interventions in the TOPCHILD Collaboration: a systematic review and intervention coding protocol

Introduction Little is known about how early (e.g., commencing antenatally or in the first 12 months after birth) obesity prevention interventions seek to change behaviour and which components are or are not effective. This study aims to 1) characterise early obesity prevention interventions in terms of target behaviours, delivery features, and behaviour change techniques (BCTs), 2) explore similarities and differences in BCTs used to target behaviours, and 3) explore effectiveness of intervention components in preventing childhood obesity

Transforming Obesity Prevention for CHILDren (TOPCHILD) Collaboration: protocol for a systematic review with individual participant data meta-analysis of behavioural interventions for the prevention of early childhood obesity

Introduction Behavioural interventions in early life appear to show some effect in reducing childhood overweight and obesity. However, uncertainty remains regarding their overall effectiveness, and whether effectiveness differs among key subgroups. These evidence gaps have prompted an increase in very early childhood obesity prevention trials worldwide. Combining the individual participant data (IPD) from these trials will enhance statistical power to determine overall effectiveness and enable examination of intervention-covariate interactions. We present a protocol for a systematic review with IPD meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of obesity prevention interventions commencing antenatally or in the first year after birth, and to explore whether there are differential effects among key subgroups

The development of segmental phonology in a mixed language environment: a case study from Northern East Cree

In this thesis I discuss the segmental development of a child (code-named Ani) learning Northern East Cree throughout ten sessions documenting the acquisition of her speech (ranging in age from 2;01.14 to 3;08.24). Although Ani was not a native speaker of English, she was exposed to some English through media sources (i.e. television and radio) and attempted to produce both Cree and English words in her spoken utterances. I describe Ani's word productions in both languages in order to obtain a clear picture of her phonological development as a whole. Building on previous research (e.g. Pearson et a!. 1997; Kuhl, Tsao & Liu 2003; Kuhl 2007; Hoff et al. 2012), I hypothesize that Ani does not actually learn the phonology of English, but rather produces both Cree and English words using a single phonotactic system, that of her native language. Ani's productions of English words are thus filtered through her Cree inventory of phones and syllable structure, causing consonants or syllable positions specific to English to develop late (some of which do not develop at all), during the period covered by the corpus. To test my hypothesis, I provide a detailed description of Ani's Cree and English word productions, which I organize by phones and positions within the syllable, and then systematically compare her performance in each language. This study contributes to the documentation of phonological development within mixed language environments as well as to the literature on the acquisition of an under-documented Aboriginal language