A Research on the Quality of the Ground Water Used As Industrial Process Water in Ergene Basin

DergiPark: 245866trakyafbdYeraltı suyu kaynaklarında karşılaşılan nicelik sorunlarına paralel olarak artış gösteren diğer bir sorun, yeraltı su kaynaklarının kalitelerinde meydana gelen bozulmalardır. Ergene Havzasında ekonomik gelişim faaliyetleri, hızla tarımdan sanayiye doğru kaymaktadır. Kontrolsüz olarak gelişen tekstil sektörünün yer altı suyuna dayalı olarak çalışması, yeraltı suyundan aşırı çekimlere neden olmaktadır. Akifer havzalarında, su kalitesinde değişmeler ve bozulmalar gözlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Ergene Havzasında bulunan sanayi kuruluşlarına ait 51 adet sondaj kuyusundan numuneler alınmıştır. Ergene Havzası yeraltı sularının; pH, alkalinite, elektriksel iletkenlik, toplam çözünmüş katılar, toplam sertlik, klorür, toplam demir ve silis derişimleri belirlenerek, standartlara uygunluğu kontrol edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, su örneklerinde ortalama değerler; pH 6.9-9.0, toplam alkalinite 100-380 mg/l, elektriksel iletkenlik 265-1295, TDS 125-620 mg/l, toplam sertlik 66-500 mg CaCO3/l, klorür 30-250 mg/l, toplam Fe 0.01-0.25 mg/l, silis 2.2-43.9 mg/l aralığında bulunmuştur.Another problem, which has a trend of increment parallel to the quantity problems faced in the ground water resources is the impairing ground water quality. The development of economic activities in Ergene basin are shifting from agriculture towards industry in an accelerated manner. The uncontrolled growth in textile sector, causes an extrime extraction of groundwater. Highquality changes and impairments were estimated in the groundwater. In this study, 51 samples were taken from boring holes belonging to the industrial site in Ergene basin. The groundwater in Ergene Basin was analyzed with regard to pH, alkalinity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, chloride, total iron and silicium dioxide. Afterwards, compliance with the standards was checked. According to the analysis results, average values in the water samples, pH 6.9-9.0, total alkalinity 100-380 mg/l, electrical conductivity 265-1295 , TDS 125-620 mg/l, total hardness 66-500 mgCaCO3/l, chloride 30-250 mg/l, total iron 0.01-0.25 mg/l, silicium dioxide 2.2-43.9 mg/l

Color removal from aqueous solution with pyrolysis-treated rice straw

Bu çalışmanın amacı, piroliz uygulanmış pirinç sapları ile (PPS) sulu çözeltilerden metilen mavisi (MB) giderim performansını değerlendirmektir. pH (4, 5.9 (doğal pH), 7, 9 ve 11), başlangıç boya konsantrasyonu (5, 10, 15 ve 20 mg / L) ve temas süresi (0, 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90 ve 120 dakika) gibi çeşitli deneysel parametrelerin etkisini değerlendirmek için sabit sıcaklıkta (20 oC) ve sabit adsorban dozunda (1 g/L) kesikli çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Ayrıca; farklı dozlarda (500, 1000, 1500, 2000 ve 2500 mg/L NaCl) tuz ilavesiyle iyonik şiddetin boya çözeltisinden renk giderim verimi üzerine etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Boya çözeltisinin pH değerinin 4’ten 11’e yükseltilmesiyle PPS tarafından boya tutulumunun bir miktar azaldığı (qe değerleri için 8.5 mg/g’dan yaklaşık 8.2 mg/g’a) ve en iyi giderme veriminin doğal pH’ta elde edildiği gözlenmiştir. Bütün deneylerde boya tutulumu hızlı olmakta ve artan temas süresi ile birlikte adsorpsiyon artmaktadır. Metilen mavisi giderim verimi artan iyonik şiddet ile birlikte hafif artış göstermiştir. 2000 mg/L NaCl uygulamasında %91 giderme verimi elde edilirken, 2500 mg/L NaCl uygulamasında giderme verimi % 87’e düşmüştür. PPS ile MB adsorpsiyonunda R2 değerleri dikkate alındığında Freundlich modeline göre Langmuir modelinin daha uyumlu olduğu belirlenmiştir. MB boyarmaddesi için PPS adsorbanının maksimum adsorpsiyon kapasitesi 12.5 mg/g’dır. PPS için deneysel kinetik veriler yalancı birinci derece modele uyumludur (R2=0.9952).The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of pyrolysis-treated rice straw (PPS) in the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. Batch studies were performed to evaluate the influences of various experimental parameters like pH (4, 5.9 (natural pH), 7, 9 and 11), initial dye concentration (5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/L), and contact time (0, 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min) at constant temperature (20 oC) and adsorbent dose (1 g/L). Also; the effect of ionic strength with the salt addition at different doses (500, 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500 mg/L NaCl) was evaluated on the color removal efficiency from the dye solution. It was observed that the dye uptake by PPS was slightly decrease (from 8.5 mg/g to about 8.2 mg/g for qe values) when the pH of dye solution was increased from 4 to 11 and the best removal efficiency was obtained at the natural pH (5.9). Uptakes of dye were rapid and the adsorption increased with increasing contact time in all experiments. Methylene Blue removal efficiency increased slightly with increasing ionic strength. While the removal efficiency was 91 % at 2000 mg/L NaCl application, decreased to 87% at 2500 mg/L NaCl. According to the R2 values for the adsorption of MB on PPS, Langmuir model yields fit better than the Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity of PPS adsorbent for MB dye was 12.5 mg/g. The kinetic experimental data fitted the pseudo-first-order model for PPS (R2=0.9952)

Treatment of dairy industry wastewater by variations of coagulation-flocculation and ozonation

In this study, COD removal efficiencies were investigated in dairy industry wastewater by using variations of coagulation-flocculation and ozone oxidation in laboratory. Coagulationflocculation (CF), ozonation (O), ozonation following coagulation-flocculation (CF+O) and coagulation-flocculation following ozonation (O+CF) processes were applied to the wastewater. Optimum pH and optimum dosages were studied at various pH values and at various coagulant doses at room temperature (25oC). In ozone oxidation, wastewater was taken to ozonation reactor and ozone was given 1 g/hour dose and COD removal efficiencies were determined by taking samples in 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 150, 210 and 240 minutes. Treatment performance of coagulation and flocculation and ozonation processes and their variations were evaluated by COD removal efficiencies. The optimum pHs for the Al2(SO4) 3 and FeCl3 were found as 7 and 6 respectively. The optimum dosages were 1200 mg/L for Al2(SO4) 3 and 500 mg/L for FeCl3. At optimum conditions, approximately 45% and 28% of COD were removed by using FeCl3 and Al2(SO4) 3 respectively. When only ozonation was applied, COD removal efficiency was determined as 20% at the end of 240 minutes. COD removal efficiency was 65% with the application of ozonation after coagulation-flocculation (CF+O). When the coagulation-flocculation process was applied after the ozonation process (O+CF), COD removal efficiency remained at 52%

Ultrafiltrasyon/Adsorpsiyon Hibrit Sistemler Ile Sulu Çözeltilerden Metal Giderimi

Bu çalışmanın amacı adsorpsiyon/ultrafiltrasyon (UF) hibrit sistemi ile sulu çözeltilerden Cu(II) ve Zn(II) (tek metal iyonları) ve Cu(II)+Zn(II)(ikili metal iyonları) gideriminin toz aktif karbon (TAK) kullanılarak araştırılmasıdır. İlk olarak, pH, başlangıç metal konsantrasyonu ve temas süresi gibi çeşitli deney parametrelerinin değerlendirilebilmesi için kesikli adsorpsiyon denemeleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Daha sonra süzüntü akısı ve giderme verimlerinin değerlendirilebilmesi için laboratuvar ölçekli UF denemeleri0.2 MPa işletme basıncında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Adsorpsiyon ve ultrafiltrasyon uygulamalarının her ikisinin de etkisi değerlendirildiğinde, farklı adsorban dozlarında (2, 5 and 10 g L-1 ) tekli sistemde Cu(II) için sırasıyla %18.33, %57.13, %100 ve Zn(II) için %22.6, %42.0, %75.4, ikili sistemde Cu(II) için %25.0, %56.6, %98.8 ve Zn(II) için %6.2, %7.6, %11.6 giderme verimleri elde edilmiştir. Yalnızca adsorpsiyon uygulaması ile adsorpsiyon/UF hibrit sistem uygulamalarında elde edilen giderme verimleri arasında önemli farklar tespit edilmemiştir. Adsorpsiyon/UF hibrit sisteminde Cu(II) ve Zn(II) giderimi için toz aktif karbonun varlığından süzüntü akısı olumsuz etkilenmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, tekli ve ikili metal çözeltilerinde, Cu(II) ve Zn(II) giderme verimlerinin artışı yönünde adsorpsiyondan sonra uygulananUF membran sistemin düşük katkı sağladığı tespit edilmiştir.The objective of this study was to investigate a hybrid adsorption/ultrafiltration (UF) process for Cu(II) and Zn(II) (single metal ions) and Cu(II)+Zn(II) (binary metal ions) removal from aqueous solution using powder activated carbon (PAC). First, batch adsorption studies were performed to evaluate the influences of various experimental parameters like pH, initial heavy metal concentration and contact time. Afterwards, UF experiments were carried out at the laboratory scale to investigate permeate flux and removal rate at an operating pressure of 0.2 MPa. When both adsorption and filtration effects were considered, the removal rates were 18.33%, 57.13%, 100% and 22.6%, 42.0%, 75.4% (single system) and 25.0%, 56.6%, 98.8% and 6.2%, 7.6%, 11.6% (binary system) for Cu(II) and Zn(II) at different adsorbent doses (2, 5 and 10 g L-1 ), respectively.There was no significant difference between the removal rates of adsorption and adsorption/UF process. The permeate flux is not affected by the presence of PAC at adsorption /UF hybrid system for Cu(II) removal. Consequently, the UF membrane low contributes to the increase of Cu(II) and Zn(II) removal rates for both the single and binary systems

A Hybrid Adsorption/Ultrafiltration Process for Heavy Metal Removal

The objective of this study was to investigate a hybrid adsorption/ultrafiltration (UF) process for Cu(II) and Zn(II) (single metal ions) and Cu(II)+Zn(II) (binary metal ions) removal from aqueous solution using powder activated carbon (PAC). First, batch adsorption studies were performed to evaluate the influences of various experimental parameters like pH, initial heavy metal concentration and contact time. Afterwards, UF experiments were carried out at the laboratory scale to investigate permeate flux and removal rate at an operating pressure of 0.2 MPa. When both adsorption and filtration effects were considered, the removal rates were 18.33%, 57.13%, 100% and 22.6%, 42.0%, 75.4% (single system) and 25.0%, 56.6%, 98.8% and 6.2%, 7.6%, 11.6% (binary system) for Cu(II) and Zn(II) at different adsorbent doses (2, 5 and 10 g L-1), respectively. There was no significant difference between the removal rates of adsorption and adsorption/UF process. The permeate flux is not affected by the presence of PAC at adsorption /UF hybrid system for Cu(Il) removal. Consequently, the UF membrane low contributes to the increase of Cu(II) and Zn(II) removal rates for both the single and binary systems.NKU-BAP [NKUBAP.00.17.AR.14.10]This research was funded by NKU-BAP project no: NKUBAP.00.17.AR.14.10

Removal of Methylene Blue with Colemanite and Ulexite Core Waste: Evaluation of Kinetic and Isotherm

Bu çalışmanın amacı, bor endüstrisinden elde edilmiş kolemanit (KA) ve üleksit (UA) atıkları ile metilen mavisi (MB) boyarmaddesinin adsorpsiyon performansının değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmada kesikli denemelerde, sabit adsorban dozu (1 mg/L), farklı pH (9, 11 ve 13), farklı temas süresi (0, 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90 ve 120 dakika) ve farklı başlangıç boyarmadde miktarında (10, 20, 30, 40 ve 50 mg/L) gerçekleştirilmiştir. KA ve UA'na ait kimyasal özellikler ve SEM görüntüleri belirlenmiştir. UA ile boyarmadde adsorpsiyonunda çözeltinin pH'ı 9'dan 13'e yükseltildiğinde giderme veriminde önemli değişiklik olmamış ve adsorpsiyon hızlı bir şekilde gerçekleşmiştir. Bütün denemelerde artan temas süresi ile adsorpsiyon artış göstermiştir. KA ve UA'ında MB adsosorpsiyonu için elde edilen R2değerlerine göre, Langmuir modeli Freundlich modeline göre daha uyumlu bulunmuştur. KA ve UA için elde edilmiş olan qmax değerleri sırasıyla 25.77 mg/g ve 47.62 mg/g'dir. KA ve UA'nda adsorpsiyon sırasıyla birinci derece ve ikinci derece kinetic modele uyumlu bulunmuştur. Lineer doğrular için elde edilen korelasyon katsayıları 1'e yakın bulunmuştur.The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of colemanite (KA) and ulexite (UA) core waste which were obtained from boran industry in the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. Batch studies were performed to evaluate the influences of various experimental parameters like pH (9, 11 and 13), initial concentration (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mg/L), and contact time (0, 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min). The chemical properties and SEM images were determined of adsorbents. It was observed that the dye uptake by UA was not changed significantly when the pH of dye solution was increased from 9 to 13 and uptake of dye was rapid. The adsorption increased with increasing contact time in all experiments. According to R2 values for the adsorption of MB on KA and UA, Langmuir model yields fit better than Freundlich model. The qmax values were obtained 25.77 mg/g and 47.62 mg/g for KA and UA, respectively. The pseudo-first order kinetic model and the pseudo-second order kinetic model yields the best fit for adsorption on KA and UA, respectively. The correlation coefficients of the model for the linear plots are very close to 1

Application of industrial treatment plant sludge and heavy metal accumulation in lettuce plant (Lactuca sativa)

Industrial treatment plant sludge application in agriculture was investigated. The effects of sludge at different loadings (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % sludge mixtures) and barnyard manure application as control set in lettuce plant, number of leaves, weight and heavy metal accumulation (Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu) in lettuce leaves were evaluated. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with four replicates in Tekirdag province of Trakya region, Turkey in 2004. Sludge generated from organized industry region that is mostly composed of textile industries is applied to pots. The least significant difference (LSD) method is used to test the significance of sludge loadings. In general, 0-2550-75-100 % of sludge treatments resulted in increase the number of leaves and weight in lettuce due to high inorganic nutrient (N and P) content of sludge loadings. In addition, heavy metal concentrations were measured in plant leaves and compared with the acceptable limits given for lettuce plant. The results indicated that application of sludge did not significantly increase nickel, cadmium and chromium contents of lettuce plant while zinc and copper content had significant (p < 0.05) effect. Although, copper content was between limits, zinc content was higher than the limit values. The results from pot experiments demonstrated that sludge used in the study can not be used as a partial substitute of chemical fertilizers. Accordingly, application doses of sludge below 25 % (20, 15, 10, 5 % sludge ratio) has been prepared and further experiments should be conducted to evaluate the heavy metal intake rates and accumulation in the plants

Pirinç Kabuğu Kullanılarak Üretilen Manyetik Nanopartiküller İle Sulu Çözeltilerden Renk Giderimi

Çalışmada, manyetik nanopartikül (MNP, Fe3O4) ve 300 C?de yanmış pirinç kabuğu külünün destek materyali olarak kullanıldığı manyetik nanopartikül (RHA-MNP) ile Acid Red (Asit Kırmızısı) 114 boyarmaddesinin adsorpsiyon ile giderimi çalışılmıştır. Adsorpsiyon çalışmaları sentetik atıksu ile ve kesikli deneme şartlarında, pH (2, 4, 6, 8 ve 10), başlangıç boya konsantrasyonu (20, 40, 60, 80 ve 100 mg/L) ve temas süresi (0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 ve 150 dakika) gibi farklı deney parametreleri altında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Acid Red 114 boyar maddesinin MNP ve RHA-MNP adsorbanları ile adsorpsiyonunda doğal pH?ta (pH düzeltmesi yapılmadan) en iyi giderim verimleri sağlanmıştır. MNP ile adsorpsiyon sırasında pH düzeltmesi yapılmadan çalışıldığında, adsorban konulmadan pH 8.3 civarı iken adsorpsiyon sonrası pH 4.5 civarında ölçülmüştür. RHA-MNP ile ise adsorpsiyon sonrası pH 3.5 civarında ölçülmüştür. Düşük ve yüksek pH?larda adsorbanların çözünmesi ve yapısının bozulmasından dolayı adsorpsiyon kapasiteleri düşmüştür. Her iki adsorban için hem Langmuir hem de Freundlich izotermlerinin uygun olduğu, fakat Freundlich izotermine daha fazla uyumun söz konusu olduğu görülmüştür. Langmuir modeline göre MNP ve RHA-MNP?nin AR 114 boyası için maksimum adsorpsiyon kapasiteleri sırasıyla 12.24 ve 11.76 mg/g?dır. Her iki adsorban için de Freundlich izotermine uyum, adsorbanların yüzeyinin birbirine benzer küçük heterojen boşluklardan oluştuğunu göstermektedir. Her iki adsorban için de ikinci derece kinetik (pseudosecond-order) modelinin adsorpsiyon kinetiğini daha iyi açıkladığı görülmüştür.In this study magnetic nanoparticles (MNP, Fe3O4) and rice husk which burned at 300oC coated magnetic nanoparticles (RHA-MNP) were used for removal of Acid Red 114 dye by adsorption process. Batch studies were performed to evaluate the influences of various experimental parameters like pH (2, 4, 6, 8, 10), initial concentration (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 mg/L) and contact time (0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 ve 150 min). The study showed that at natural pH (without pH correction) removal of Acid Red 114 has the best removal efficiency. When studying with adsorbents before adding the adsorbent the pH was around 8.3. After the adsorption process the pH was measured around 4.5 for MNP and around 3.5 for RHA-MNP. At low and high pH the capacity of adsorbents were decreased becaouse of deformation and dissolution. The isotherm study showed that both of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were suitable, but the Freundlich isotherm were more suitable. According to the Langmuir model adsorption capacity of MNP and RHA-MNP were 12.24 ve 11.76 mg/g respectively for the removal of Acid Red 114. It is evident from the data that the surface of the adsorbent is made up of small heterogeneous adsorption patches which are very much similar to each other in respect of adsorption phenomenon. The kinetic experimental data fitted to the pseudo-second-order model

Comparison of Acid Red 114 Dye Adsorption by Fe3O4 and Fe3O4 Impregnated Rice Husk Ash

The removal of Acid Red 114 (AR114) dye by adsorption process, using the magnetic nanoparticle (RHA-MNP) which is produced from rice husk ash burned at 300 degrees C and the magnetic nanoparticle (MNP, Fe3O4), was studied. Batch processes were used under different test parameters: pH (2, 4, 6, and 10) and without pH, initial dye concentration (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/L), and contact time (0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 150 min). Optimum conditions for AR114 removal were found to be at natural pH (pH without correction) for both adsorbents. Freundlich isotherm was found to be more consistent for MNP and Langmuir isotherm was found to be more consistent for RHA-MNP. The maximum adsorption capacities of MNP and RHA-MNP adsorbents for AR114 dye were equal to 111 mg/g. The kinetic experimental data fitted the pseudo-second-order model for both MNP and RHA-MNP. It can be concluded that RHA-MNP which is a waste could be used as low-cost adsorbent to remove AR114 from aqueous solution.NKU-BAP [NKUBAP.00.17.AR.12.07]This research was funded by NKU-BAP Project no. NKUBAP.00.17.AR.12.07

Kinetic and equilibrium study of methylene blue adsorption using H2SO4-activated rice husk ash

The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of H2SO4-activated rice husk ash (ARHA) (burned at different temperatures (300-550 degrees C) as compared to granular activated carbon (GAC) in the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. Batch studies were performed to evaluate the influences of various experimental parameters like pH (4, 7, 9, and 11), initial concentration (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 50 mg/L), and contact time (0, 1, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min). BET surface areas for ARHA300 (burned at 300 degrees C) and ARHA550 (burned at 550 degrees C) were determined as 143 and 68 m(2)/g, respectively. It was observed that the dye uptake by GAC and ARHA300 were not changed significantly when the pH of dye solution was increased from 4 to 11. Uptakes of dye were rapid and the adsorption increased with increasing contact time in all experiments. According to the R-2 values for the adsorption of MB on ARHA300, ARHA500, and GAC, Langmuir model yields fit better than the Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity, q(max) of ARHA300 (44.25 mg/g), had the highest value. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model yields the best fit for adsorption on ARHA300 and ARHA550 and the correlation coefficients R-2 of the model for the linear plots are very close to 1 at various concentrations.NKU-BAP projectNamik Kemal University [NKUBAP.00.17.AR.11.01]This research was supported by NKU-BAP project no: NKUBAP.00.17.AR.11.01