Kalp cerrahisinde cerrahi sonrası analjezik yöntemlerin ağrı skorlamaları ve serbest kortizol düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi: Yeni bir yaklaşım

Background: This study aims to evaluate the most appropriate analgesic method of minimizing postoperative pain to prevent complications in patients scheduled for cardiac surgery. Methods: Between January 2016 and June 2016, a total of 60 patients with the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Class III (27 males, 33 females; mean age 63 years; range, 49 to 77 years) with an ejection fraction of above 50% who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting were included. The patients were divided into two groups following admission to the intensive care unit. Group 1 (n=30) was administered intravenous fentanyl citrate with patient-controlled analgesia protocol, while Group 2 (n=30) was administered 0.1% bupivacaine hydrochloride analgesia protocol with catheter placed between the sternum and subcutaneous tissue. Results: In Group 1, pain intensity scores at two h and visual analog scale scores except at 24, 36, and 48 h were higher than Group 2 (p<0.05). The length of intensive care unit stay and urine cortisol levels were higher in Group 1 than Group 2 (78±12 h and 631±505 μg at 24 h vs. 66±13 h and 401±297 μg at 24 h, respectively p<0.05). Partial pressure of oxygen levels at 10 and 16 h during the postoperative intensive care unit stay were lower, while partial pressure of carbon dioxide levels at 24 h was higher in Group 1 than Group 2 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The bupivacaine protocol is a relatively more useful analgesic method which produces improved results in blood gas analysis by reducing the effects of pain and shortens the length of intensive care unit stay. Low levels of free cortisol also confirm this finding.Amaç: Bu çalışmada kalp cerrahisi yapılması planlanan hastalarda komplikasyonları önlemek amacıyla cerrahi sonrası ağrıyı en aza indirgeyen en uygun analjezik yöntem değerlendirildi. Ça­lış­ma pla­nı: Ocak 2016-Haziran 2016 tarihleri arasında Amerikan Anesteziyoloji Derneği Fiziksel Durum Sınıf III ve ejeksiyon fraksiyonu %50 üzerinde olup elektif koroner arter baypas greftleme yapılan toplam 60 hasta (27 erkek, 33 kadın; ort. yaş 63 yıl; dağılım, 49-77 yıl) çalışmaya alındı. Hastalar yoğun bakım ünitesine kabullerinin ardından iki gruba ayrıldı. Grup 1’e (n=30) intravenöz hasta kontrollü analjezi protokolü ile intravenöz fentanil sitrat uygulanırken, Grup 2’ye (n=30) sternum ile cilt altı dokusu arasına yerleştirilen kateter ile %0.1’lik bupivakain hidroklorür analjezi protokolü uygulandı. Bulgular: Grup 1’de ikinci saatteki ağrı şiddet skorları ve görsel analog ölçeği skorları 24, 36. ve 48. saatler haricinde Grup 2’den daha yüksekti (p<0.05). Grup 1’de yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatış süresi ve idrar kortizol düzeyleri Grup 2’ye kıyasla daha yüksekti (sırasıyla 78±12 saat ve 631±505 µg/24. saate kıyasla 66±13 saat ve 401±297 µg/24. saat, p<0.05). Grup 2’ye kıyasla Grup 1’de cerrahi sonrası yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatış sırasında 10. ve 16. saatlerdeki parsiyel oksijen basıncı düzeyleri daha düşük iken, 24. saatte parsiyel karbondioksit basınç düzeyleri daha yüksekti (p<0.05). So­nuç: Bupivakain protokolü, ağrının etkilerini azaltarak ve yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatış süresini kısaltarak, kan gazı analizinde daha iyi sonuçlar sağlayan, nispeten daha kullanışlı bir analjezi yöntemidir. İdrarda serbest kortizol düzeylerinin düşüklüğü de, bu bulguyu doğrulamaktadır

Koroner baypas cerrahisi ve çıplak metal stent uygulanan hastaların klinik sonlanımlarının karşılaştırılması

Giriş: Biz bu çalışmamızda, koroner baypas greftleme cerrahisi ile çıplak metal stent uygulanmış hastalarda SYNTAX (Sx) skoru ile değerlendirilen koroner lezyon kompleksitelerinin klinik sonlanımlar üzerine etkisini incelemeyi amaçladık.Hastalar ve Yöntem: Çalışma grubumuz çıplak metal stent uygulanmış (n= 265) ve koroner baypas cerrahisine giden (n= 294) 459 hastadan oluşmaktadır. Koroner arter hastalığı kompleksitesi Sx skoru ile değerlendirilmiştir. Sx skoru, hafi f Sx skoru (= 33) olmak üzere üç gruba ayrılmıştır.Bulgular: Çalışma süresince orta dönem takipte herhangi bir nedenle revaskülarizasyon sıklığı hem tüm grupta hem de Sx alt gruplarında perkütan koroner girişim uygulanan hastalarda koroner baypas cerrahisine giden hastalara göre daha fazladır. Orta dönem takipte herhangi bir nedenden ölüm sıklığı düşük ve orta Sx gruplarında tedavi grupları arasında benzer bulunmuştur. Ancak yüksek Sx skoru grubunda orta dönem takipte herhangi bir nedenden ölüm sıklığı perkütan koroner girişim uygulanan hastalarda koroner baypas cerrahisine giden hastalara göre daha fazladır. Tüm popülasyonda herhangi bir nedenden dolayı ölüm için düzeltilmiş risk perkütan koroner girişim ve koroner baypas cerrahisi arasında benzerken [hazard ratio, %95 GA: 0.88 (0.38-2.05), p= 0.780], herhangi bir nedenle revaskülarizasyon için düzeltilmiş risk koroner baypas cerrahisi grubuna göre perkütan koroner girişim grubunda belirgin olarak daha fazlaydı [hazard ratio, %95 GA: 0.12 (0.05-0.30), p< 0.001].Sonuç: Sx skoru ile değerlendirilen koroner lezyon kompleksitesi herhangi bir nedenle revaskülarizasyon sıklığı ile daha yakın ilişkilidir. Yüksek Sx skoru gubunda herhangi bir nedenden ölüm çıplak metal stent uygulanan hastalarda koroner baypas cerrahisine giden hastalara göre daha fazlaydıIntroduction: We aimed to compare the effects of coronary lesion complexity assessed by SYNTAX (Sx) score on the clinical outcomes in patients who have received BMS versus undergone coronary bypass grafting.Patients and Methods: Our study population consisted of 459 consecutive patients received bare metal stents (n= 265) or coronary bypass grafting (n= 294). The complexity of coronary artery disease was assessed by Sx score. Sx score was classifi ed as tertiles, as follows: low Sx score (? 22), intermediate Sx score and high Sx score (? 33).Results: Throughout the study, the intermediate-term incidence of any revascularization was signifi cantly higher in the percutaneous coronary intervention group compared with the coronary bypass grafting group for both overall group and Sx tertiles. The intermediate-term incidence of death from any cause was comparable between the treatment groups in patients with low and intermediate Sx tertiles. However, in patients with high Sx tertile, the intermediate-term incidence of death from any cause was signifi cantly higher in percutaneous coronary intervention group compared with coronary bypass grafting group. In the overall population, adjusted [hazard ratio, 95% CI: 0.88 (0.38-2.05), p= 0.780) risks for death from any cause were consistently comparable between percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary bypass grafting, whereas adjusted [hazard ratio, 95% CI: 0.12 (0.05-0.30), p< 0.001] risks for any revascularization were consistently signifi cantly higher in the percutaneous coronary intervention group compared with coronary bypass grafting group. Conclusion: Coronary lesion complexity assessed by SYNTAX score was closely associated with the higher incidence of any revascularization and in high SYNTAX score, with higher incidence of death from any cause in patients received bare metal stents than coronary artery bypass graftin

Cardiovascular surgery [ Preoperative Hba1c level in prediction of short-term morbidity and mortality outcomes following coronary artery bypass grafting surgery

Abstract: Objective -This study was conducted to determine whether HbA1c is a predictor of short term mortality and morbidity after coronary artery bypass graft operation. Methods -The coronary artery bypass graft operation was performed on the patients between January 2009 and January 2013. Each patient&apos;s medical record was retrospectively reviewed. The patients who were included in the study were evaluated in groups of 60. One group was comprised of nondiabetic patients, whose HbA1c level is below 6% (the control group 0), the other included diabetic patients with the HbA1c level is between 6-6.9% (the group 1) and the last group, group 2, included those patients with HbA1c level is equal or greater than 7%. Pre, peri and post operation data was compared. The deaths that occured in the first 30 days were evaluated as mortality and complications as morbitity. Results -While mortality was not observed in the control group, one incident was observed in group 1 and 5 in group 2, which corresponds to 1.7% and 8.3% respectively. The mortality ratio in the group with patients whose HbA1c was greater or equal to 7% found statistically significant compared to the control group (P=0.02). The following parameters were observed in group 2 and were found statistically significant: the need for dialisis (25%, P&lt;0.01), atrial fibrillation (33%, P=0.01), revision due to bleeding (10%, P=0.18), cerebrovascular event (16,7%, P=0.01), duration of mechanic ventilation (19.5±21.6, P=0.06), duration of hospital stay (approximately 9.91±5.35 days, P=0.01), infection in scar (53%, P&lt;0.01), mediastenit (11%, P=0.01) and urinary tract infection (10%, P=0.01) Conclusion -We concluded that in those diabetic patients that elective coronart artery bypass graft is applied, highly reactive HbA1c levels (HbA1c ≥7), may indicate morbitity in the early stages of post operation

Preoperative Hba1c level in prediction of short-term morbidity and mortality outcomes following coronary artery bypass grafting surgery

Objective ― This study was conducted to determine whether HbA1c is a predictor of short term mortality and morbidity after coronary artery bypass graft operation. Methods ― The coronary artery bypass graft operation was performed on the patients between January 2009 and January 2013. Each patient's medical record was retrospectively reviewed. The patients who were included in the study were evaluated in groups of 60. One group was comprised of nondiabetic patients, whose HbA1c level is below 6% (the control group 0), the other included diabetic patients with the HbA1c level is between 6-6.9% (the group 1) and the last group, group 2, included those patients with HbA1c level is equal or greater than 7%. Pre, peri and post operation data was compared. The deaths that occured in the first 30 days were evaluated as mortality and complications as morbitity. Results ― While mortality was not observed in the control group, one incident was observed in group 1 and 5 in group 2, which corresponds to 1.7% and 8.3% respectively. The mortality ratio in the group with patients whose HbA1c was greater or equal to 7% found statistically significant compared to the control group (P=0.02). The following parameters were observed in group 2 and were found statistically significant: the need for dialisis (25%, P<0.01), atrial fibrillation (33%, P=0.01), revision due to bleeding (10%, P=0.18), cerebrovascular event (16,7%, P=0.01), duration of mechanic ventilation (19.5±21.6, P=0.06), duration of hospital stay (approximately 9.91±5.35 days, P=0.01), infection in scar (53%, P<0.01), mediastenit (11%, P=0.01) and urinary tract infection (10%, P=0.01) Conclusion ― We concluded that in those diabetic patients that elective coronart artery bypass graft is applied, highly reactive HbA1c levels (HbA1c ≥7), may indicate morbitity in the early stages of post operation