The knowledge gathering and study pattern of undergraduate students of the Vavuniya Campus of the University Of Jaffna

The study examined the knowledge gathering and study pattern as contemplate example of undergraduates of Vavuniya Campus of the University of Jaffna. Precisely, the analysis made to determine the impact of gender and level of study on the pattern of knowledge gathering system by the undergraduates as well as method of studies. The analysis was based on a descriptive survey design and data was collected using an online Google form through Vavuniya Campus LMS, administered to 85 randomly selected students from both Faculty of Applied Science and Faculty of Business Studies in the Vavuniya Campus of the University of Jaffna. Statistical findings reveal that, most of the students were used lecture notes & internet as their key knowledge source and their choice of the study methods were contrasted with level of study and gender aspects

Pollution reduction potential of subsurface flow constructed wetland system

Wetlands have been used as a potentially cost-effective secondary waste water treatment system to treat the waste water before discharge into the water bodies. The aim of this study was to compare the pollution reduction ability of plant species at various depths in a constructed wetland system. Two different grass species such as Eleucine indica (Goose grass), Dactyloctenium aegyptium (Crowfoot grass) and a sedge namely Cyperus iria (umbrella sedge) and the control without any plant species were introduced in the constructed wetland system. The system was operated continuously by inlet valve from tank filled with storm water. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, DO, BOD, TS, Nitrate and Phosphate contents were measured in one week interval using standard procedures. The results revealed that the pollution reduction ability was very high in Cyperus iria at one foot depth whereas the nitrate and phosphate reduction ability was comparatively high in Cyperus iria at their 1.5 feet depth

Microwave and Ultrasound Pretreatment of Moringa oleifera Lam. Seeds: Effects on Oil Expression, Oil Quality, and Bioactive Component

This study investigates the application of green technologies (microwave and ultrasound pretreatment) in the extraction of Moringa oleifera Lam. seed oil and its effects on oil expression, oil quality, and bioactive component. Moringa seeds were pretreated with microwave (90 W, 60 s) or ultrasound (50 W, 1 h) before mechanical expression. A separate group received no pretreatment before oil extraction. Oils from these groups were then compared. Results show that oil yield increased with ultrasound pretreatment (1.24%) and significantly increased with microwave pretreatment (3.11%). For oil flow rate, the microwave and ultrasound pretreatment resulted in faster extraction (7.67 and 6.93 kg/h respectively) as compared with the control (6.51 kg/h). For physicochemical parameters, the microwave and ultrasound group had significantly less free fatty acids and significantly greater unsaponifiable matter as compared with the control. For fatty acid composition, results show that moringa seeds procured from Davao Oriental had greater oleic acid content (~77%) as compared with those reported by other literature. For phytosterol content, the predominant phytosterols found were β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol. Microwave and ultrasound pretreatment significantly increased total phytosterol (680.58 and 369.32 mg/kg respectively) as compared with the control (72.69 mg/kg) due to the mass transfer of the phytosterols. Microwave and ultrasound pretreatment also led to stigmastanol formation. For antioxidant activity, a comparison of both DPPH and FRAP assays depicts that the microwave group exhibited the best overall antioxidant activity. Lastly, for oil stability, a lower peroxide value was found in the microwave and ultrasound groups across time intervals, which may be attributed to their antioxidant activity. In summary, ultrasound and microwave pretreatment can improve oil expression, oil quality, and bioactive content of the mechanically expressed moringa oils