C7 vertebra anatomy as a guide for transpedicular screw fixation [Transpediküler vida fiksasyonu için C7 vertebra'nin anatomisi]

Transpedicular screw fixation is a complicated surgical procedure that has reached substantial popularity in the treatment of spinal instabilities. This procedure is particularly valuable for simultaneous posterior decompression and reconstruction in the cervical spine. This anatomic study was undertaken to provide a set of anatomical data to aid the technique on a large series of human bony C7 cervical vertebrae from 49 individuals. The mean pedicle length was measured as 5.84±0.95 mm, pedicle width as 6.07±1.1 mm, and pedicle height as 6.82±1.01 mm. The distance from the posterior point of the lateral mass to the anterior margin of the vertebral body through the pedicle axis (pedicle axis length) was 30.37±2.41 mm, and the interpedicular distance was 21.62~1.33 mm mm. The lateral mass thickness was measured as 21.99~1.35 mm. Successful placement of the pedicle screw requires a thorough knowledge of cervical spine transpedicle morphometry. The approximate values from the morphometric studies such as our study can be a guide in choosing the appropriate screw dimensions and to avoid the damage to important neighbouring neurovascular structures

Tooth-size ratio for patients requiring 4 first premolar extractions

PubMedID: 16027629Introduction: The relationship between total mesiodistal widths of the maxillary and mandibular teeth is an important factor in orthodontic treatment planning. The purposes of this article are to report a mathematical tooth-size ratio specifically designed for patients needing the extraction of 4 first premolars and to compare the anterior "6" and overall "12" ratio values reported by Bolton with the calculated anterior "6" and overall "10" ratio values obtained from data in this study. Methods: This study was conducted in 3 phases. In the first 2 phases, we used the peer assessment rating and ideal cephalometric norms to select 53 ideal posttreatment models of patients who had had 4 premolars extracted. In the third phase, the mean overall "10" ratio and the mean anterior "6" ratio were calculated for the selected models. Bolton's mean overall "12" (91.3%) and anterior "6" ratios (77.2%) were compared statistically with calculations derived from this study by using 1-sample t test. Results: The mean overall "10" ratio and the mean anterior "6" ratio were found to be 89.28 ± 1.07% and 77.68 ± 1.12%, respectively. Although the difference in anterior ratio was not significantly different from Bolton's anterior "6" ratio, there was a statistically significant difference between Bolton's study and our study in overall ratio. Conclusions: The mathematical tooth size overall ratio of 89.28% was determined for patients requiring the extraction of 4 first premolars and is recommended for use in diagnosis and treatment planning. Copyright © 2005 by the American Association of Orthodontists

Morphometric features of the piriform aperture and nasal bones [Apertura piriformis ve os nasale'nin morfometrik özellikleri]

The piriform aperture which is the bony entry of the nasal cavity, the nasal bones and cartilages make the nose structure. The morphometry of these structures making the dorsal part of the nose and the entry paint of the respiratory tract are functionally important for the respiratory system. In this study, the piriform aperture and nasal bones are investigated in 38 craniums. The inner border of the nasal bones were measured 21.02±3.5 mm in length, outer border 24.00±3.53 mm, upper border 8±1.94 mm, bilateral 12.25±2.55 mm, width of the lower border 10.29±1.67 mm, bilateral 14.26±1.86 mm. The piriform aperture height was 35.95±3.14 mm and width at the widest point in the lower margin 23.99±2.62 mm, and width at the upper margin 15.37±1.97 mm. The most common types of the nasal bones were Type 1 (%57.9) and Type 4 (%15.8). The findings of this study were discussed with former studies

Morphometric anatomy of anterior commissure, pineal body and massa intermedia [Commissura anterior, corpus pineale ve massa intermadia'nin morfometrik anatomisi]

This study used 81 adult cadaver cerebral hemispheres without macroscopic pathology, fixed with 10% formalin to investigate the morphometry of the anterior commissure, pineal body and massa intermedia which are in close relation with the third ventricle. We observed the anterior-posterior distance of the anterior commissure as 2.5±0.56 mm (max. 3.8-min. 1.1 mm), and height as 3.9±0.8 mm (max. 5.8-min. 1.84 mm). The distance of the intermediate mass to the cerebral fornix was measured as 5.25±1.78 mm (max. 9.2-min. 1.44 mm). The distances of massa intermedia to the interventricular foramen and to the lowest point of the ventricle were 4±0.91 mm (max. 6.3-min. 2.5 mm.) and 6.26±1.26 mm (max. 8.2-min. 3.1 mm), consequently. The distance of the massa intermedia to the anterior commissure was 6.58±1.2 mm (max. 9.04-min. 4.22 mm), and the posterior commissure was 9.76±2.08 mm (max. 13-min. 3.1 mm). The anterior-posterior distance of the pineal body was 6.62±1.5 mm (max. 9.3-min. 1.88 mm.) and the height was 3.78±0.65 mm (max. 5-min. 2.4 mm.)

Topographic anatomy of the fornix as a guide for the transcallosal- interforniceal approach with a special emphasis on sex differences

PubMed ID: 16377947The topographic anatomy and morphometry of the fornix is important for standardizing the transcallosal-interforniceal approach and avoiding memory disturbances. The detailed morphometry of the fornix was investigated with a special emphasis on sex differences using midsagittal magnetic resonance imaging of 80 males and 102 females. Various parameters of the fornix, including the length of the upper and lower fornices, the curvature of the upper and lower fornices, and the insertion point of the fornix to corpus callosum, were investigated. The thickness of the fornix at the attachment point to the anterior commissure, the maximum distance to the upper and lower surfaces of the fornix, and the curvature of the upper and lower fornices showed sex differences (p < 0.5). The upper insertion point of the fornix to the corpus callosum was more frontal in females, but the functional relevance of these differences need further investigation