Effects of antimitotic agents on haploid plant production from unpollinated ovules of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.)

The effects of antimicrotubule agents on haploid embryo formation from unpollinated ovules of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) were investigated. The antimitotic agent colchicine (at 100 and 150 mg/l) and trifluralin (at 5.0 mg/l) increased the frequency of haploid embryo formation whereas pronamide (at 76.9 and 128.2 mg/l) and trifluralin (at 3.4 mg/l) decreased. Ovules that were non-treated with antimicrotuble agents (i.e., ovules of the control treatment) produced higher percentages of haploid embryos (4.25 %) when compared to the pronamide and trifluralin at 3.4 mg/l concentration. Toxic effects of these agents on embryo formation from ovules were evident. A significant genotypic variation among the lines used was observed. The line M4 produced the highest yield with a mean of 14.71% haploid embryo production while the line M2 producing no embryos at all

A novel MEMS based batteryless active RFID system

Bu makalede yeni bir titreşim temelli mikro enerji harmanlayıcı sistemi önerilmiştir. Titreşimler ve ani hareketlerin, mekanik yapının sadece eğilmesine değil aynı zamanda gerilmesine yol açması prensibine dayanarak, sistemin doğrusal olmayan bölgede çalışması sağlanmıştır. Tasarlanan ve modellemesi yapılan mekanik yapının üzeri ince bir piezoelektrik film tabakası ile kaplanmış ve bu tabaka üzerinde oluşan mekanik stres elektrik enerjisine çevrilerek devreleri beslemek için kullanılmıştır. Doğrusal olmayan bölgede çalışmanın, mikrowatt mertebesindeki güç seviyelerini mm3’lük aletlerle elde edebileceği göz önüne alındığında, güneş panellerinde elde edilen güç yoğunlukları kadar yüksek enerjilerin elde edilebileceği görülmüştür. Algılayıcı kabiliyeti sayesinde bilgi depolayabilen, kum tanesi büyüklüğünde olan ve üretiminde kullanılan temel malzeme silikon olan bu aletler “zeki kum” olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Mekanik yapının modellenmesi ve tasarımı geliştirilmiş ve üretim sonuçları da ayrıca verilmiştir. Sistemin bilgi gönderebilmesi ve alabilmesi amacıyla iyi bilinen RFID teknolojisi tabanlı bir kablosuz haberleşme yöntemi önerilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, paket taşımacılığında sürekli ivme denetleme, sınır güvenliği için kendinden beslemeli algılayıcılar, çabuk bozulan yiyeceklerin taşımacılığında sıcaklık denetleme ve pilsiz kalp atışı algılayıcı gibi birçok uygulama önerilmiştir. RFID devrelerinin tasarımı yapılmış ve benzetim sonuçları elde edilmiştir. Oku-yaz bellek olarak manyetik belleklerden yararlanılmıştır. Bu sayede, pil kullanılmadan aktif bir şekilde veri yazabilen bir sistem yaratılmıştır. “Zeki RFID” olarak isimlendirilen bu sistemde ayrıca bilginin iletimi için de yeni bir modülasyon yöntemi önerilmiştir.  Anahtar Kelimeler: Enerji harmanlayıcı, RFID, mikroelektronik, MEMS.In this paper, a novel, vibration based micro energy harvester system has been proposed. The modeling, design and fabrication of the devices have been carried out. There are several propositions in this work. The biggest claim is to achieve high power density levels with a mm3 device by using a novel vibration based mechanical structure. The operating regime is nonlinear unlike its conventional counterparts, which yields to generate more electrical energy. The proposed packaging method of the device is very simple and easy to realize. Furthermore, a wireless communication scheme based on the well-known RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology has also been proposed. The mechanical structure of the device is based on a clamped-clamped beam where four tethers share a thick proof mass. The proof mass is used in order to bring the first eigenfrequency of the system below 50Hz which enlarges the operating frequency range.  The surface of the proof mass also acts as a platform for the sensor circuits. Vibrations or sudden movements cause the mechanical structure do not only bend but also stretch, thus working in non-linear regime. The piezoelectric thin film layer on the silicon tethers converts the mechanical stress into the electrical energy. Microwatts of power can be achieved with a mm3 device which yields a high power density levels on the order of the solar panels. This device is named 'smart sand', because it has sensor capabilities that can store information, its size is almost a sand grain and the main material used for the fabrication is silicon. The modeling and design of the mechanical structure has been developed by using COMSOL" (a finite element analysis (FEA) tool) and SIMULINK" (an extension tool of MATLAB). Firstly, the stress levels have been calculated and the transient response of the structure has been investigated. Then, the theoretical analysis has been combined with these two tools and expected power density levels have been found. The fabrication of the "smart sand" has also been developed in this work. Bulk micromachining techniques have been used in order to form the proof mass. The piezoelectric thin film layer has been deposited onto the tethers by sol-gel method. Electrodes of the piezoelectric layer have been fabricated by the lift-off process. The packaging has been embedded into the fabrication process which reduced the handling issues during the process. An elastomer (poly dimethyl siloxane, PDMS) which is very easy to pattern, handle and cheap has been used for the packaging which has not been tried before. The "smart sand" serves as a typical accelerometer which senses the continuous vibrations or sudden accelerations. In order to further develop the sensor capabilities of the system, a new approach has been proposed which is called the "smart RFID" platform where the device has been combined with the RFID concept. In this context, an RFID transponder has been designed. The circuitry has the capabilities of sending and receiving 64 bits of data. The 64-bit memory has been constructed with the magnetic random access memory (MRAM) cells. Few bits have been reserved for the acceleration or temperature data. When a sudden or continuous acceleration happen, the "smart sand" generates voltage and this voltage is used to write the memory bits without the need of a battery. Therefore, the "smart RFID" platform behaves like a batteryless active RFID transponder. In order to determine whether the adequate voltage level is reached or not, a mechanical relay has been proposed and its design has been investigated. Other bits are used for standard identification and they are written or read via an external reader. The frequency of operation has been chosen 2.45GHz. Several applications have been proposed that is possible to use the "smart RFID" platform; such as continuous acceleration monitoring in package delivery, self-powered sensors for homeland security, temperature monitoring of the perishable food item delivery and a batteryless heart rate sensor. Their feasibilities have been investigated and discussed.The applications can be further enhanced and new application alternatives can be developed. The proposed RFID platform has been designed and simulated. All sub-blocks have been designed and the results have been given. In addition to the standard circuit designs, a new modulation technique has been proposed and simulated. This technique eases the data and clock recovery circuits. Keywords: Energy Harvester, RFID, Microelectronics, MEMS.

Outer Rotor SRM Design for Electric Vehicle without Reducer via Speed-Up Evolutionary Algorithm

Reducers utilized in automotive industry provide motor to run in most effective region and transmission output torque to increase. However, they cause mass and cost to increase and also efficiency to decrease due to mechanical losses. The aim of this study is to design a direct drive motor (outer rotor switched reluctance motor (OR-SRM)) without reducer resulting in enhanced efficiency for electric vehicle (EV). To estimate dimension and electrical parameters of OR-SRM, mathematical equations are originally derived from its geometry. Considering the constraints of package size and outer diameter, all the dimension parameters of the motor are optimized via multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) to get the desired efficiency and torque. In order to validate the results in the proposed approach, OR-SRM is modeled by Maxwell 3D using optimized dimension parameters. In-wheel OR-SRM with 18/12 poles (30 kW) is manufactured to employ it in an EV. Theoretical results are compared to experimental results. It can be concluded that the results are satisfactory

FDG-PET/BT ile tespit edilen küçük hücreli akciğer kanserinin kemik iliği metastazı

Öksürük, hemoptizi, kilo kaybı, yaygın kemik ağrısı şikayetleri ile başvuran elli dokuz yaşında erkek hastanın kontrastlı toraks BT’sin- de sağ akciğerde kitle tespit edildi. Kitlenin biopsi sonucu küçük hücreli akciğer kanseri KHAK olarak rapor edildi. Yaygın kemik ağrısı şikayeti olan hastanın kemik sintigrafisi normal olarak değerlendirildi. Evreleme amacıyla yapılan FDG-PET/BT’de kemik ili- ğinde heterojen artmış FDG florodeoksi glukoz tutulumu saptandı. Kemik iliği biyopsisinin patolojik değerlendirme sonucu KHAK metastazı olarak raporlandı. Klinik olarak kemik metastazı şüphesi bulunan ve kemik sintigrafisi normal olan hastalarda kemik ve kemik iliği metastazlarını göstermek için FDG-PET/BT görüntüleme akılda tutulmalıdı

The ancient DNA and archaeobotanical analysis suggest cultivation of Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta at Yumuktepe and Yenikapı Pottery Neolithic sites in Turkey

Archaeobotanical materials subject to aDNA analysis were recovered from Yumuktepe and Yenikapı, two important archaeological sites in Anatolia and date back to the Pottery Neolithic Period i.e., 7th millennium BC. Many charred ancient seeds representing various cereal species including a great number of wheat grains were documented in mentioned sites. Among the cereal seeds, charred wheat samples were tentatively identified as Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta L. or Triticum new glume wheat (NGW) or atypical emmer or naked wheat in Yumuktepe and Yenikapı showed similarities with the morphological characteristics of T. aestivum subsp. spelta wheat, but it was difficult to reach a firm conclusion. This study aimed to provide genetic data to enable more precise identification of charred wheat seeds using an ancient DNA (aDNA) approach. aDNAs were successfully extracted from the representative charred seeds of T. aestivum subsp. spelta or NGW or atypical emmer or naked wheat. The PCR amplification of 26SrDNA and IGS gene regions with aDNA was carried out and sequenced. The expected product sizes of IGS 158 bp for the D genome and 87 bp for the A or B genomes and DNA sequence comparisons with other wheat species revealed that T. aestivum subsp. spelta or NGW or atypical emmer or naked wheat samples included the D genome from Aegilops tauschii and is more likely to be T. aestivum subsp. spelta. The discovery of T. aestivum subsp. spelta grains in the Yenikapı and Yumuktepe suggest that the cultivation of hexaploid wheat was widespread. Further, spelta hulled wheat, which is the progenitor of the hexaploid wheat, might have been cultivated in these settlements. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V

The impact of admission red cell distribution width on long-term cardiovascular events after primary percutaneous intervention: A four-year prospective study

Background: Red cell distribution width (RDW) is an indicator of erythrocyte in different size, and its prognostic value has been demonstrated in numerous cardiac and non-cardiac diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of RDW on the long- -term cardiovascular events in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: Ninety-six consecutive patients (mean age 60.6 ± 12.5 years, 77.1% male) with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), who were treated with primary PCI, were analyzed prospectively. Baseline RDW and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured. The patients were followed up for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) for up to 48 months after discharge. Results: There were 30 patients with long-term MACE (Group 1) and 66 patients without long-term MACE (Group 2). Age, admission RDW, hs-CRP and creatine kinase-MB levels, heart rate after PCI, previously used angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, left anterior descending artery lesion, and electrocardiographic no-reflow were higher in Group 1. Admission hemoglobin levels were lower in Group 1. An RDW level ≥ 13.85% measured on admission had 80% sensitivity and 64% specificity in predicting long-term MACE on receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. In multivariate analyses, only admission RDW (HR 5.26, < 95% CI 1.71–16.10; p = 0.004) was an independent predictor of long-term MACE. Conclusions: A high baseline RDW value in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI is independently associated with increased risk for long term MACE

Kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) Akdeniz Bölgesi alçak rakım ıslah programı kapsamındaki odun hammedesi üretimini artırmak için kızılçam odun kalitesinde (yoğunluk, lif karakterleri, ilkbahar ve yaz odun oranı) kalıtsallık ve genetik kazanç belirlenmesi

TÜBİTAK TOVAG01.09.2008Uzun vadede Kızılçamda odun hammaddesi üretimini artırmak amacıyla, Ceyhan Orman Fidanlığında altı adet klonal tohum bahçesinden toplanan tohumlarla kurulan 168 üvey kardeş aileli Kızılçam (Pinus brutia) döl denemesi kullanılarak, bu türdeki odun özgül ağılığı, lif boyu ve büyüme karakterlerinin genetik kontrolü çalışılmıştır. Gerekli odun örnekleri denemenin yedinci yaştaki aralama esnasında kesilen ağaçlardan elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmadaki ulaşılmak istenen ana amaçlar; (1) odun özgül ağırlığı ve büyüme karakterleri açısından test edilen aileler arasındaki farklılıklar ile bu farklılığa ait bileşenlerin araştırılması, (2) özgül ağırlığın kalıtımsal özelliği ile büyüme karakteri ve lif uzunluğu ile arasındaki genetik korelasyoların belirlenmesi, (3) fenotipik, ayıklanmış ve genotipik tohum bahçelerinin kurulmasıyla elde edilecek genetik kazancın hesaplanması için özgül ağırlık ve gövde hami açısından 168 aileye ait ıslah değerlerinin ortaya konması olarak belirlenmiştir. Odun özgül ağırlığı açısından 168 aile birbirinden oldukça farklı değerler göstermiştir (0.35 ile 0.44 arasında). Elde edilen bu farklılık tahmin edilen aile (0.55+0,03) ve bireysel (0.42+ 0,07) kalıtım derecelerinin yüksek değerlere ulaşmasını sağlamıştır. Benzer sonuçlar büyüme karakterlerinde ve lif uzunluğunda da gözlenmiştir. Ancak ilkbahar odunun yaz odununa oranında aileler arasında bir fark ortaya çıkmamıştır. Özgül ağırlık ile büyüme karakterleri arasındaki genetik ve fenotipik korelasyonlar istatistiki olarak anlamsızken, lif karakteri özgül ağırlık ile azda olsa negatif, büyüme karakterleriyle ise pozitif bir ilişki göstermiştir. Yedinci yaştaki tek bir karaktere göre yapılan seleksiyonda kontrol materyaline göre fenotipik tohum bahçelerinden elde edilen genetik kazanç, gövde hacmi için % 8.4 olarak hesaplanırken, bu değer özgül ağırlık açısından oldukça düşük olup (%0.37) istatistiki olarak anlamsızdır. Her bir tohum bahçesinde 20 klon bırakılacak şekilde bir genetik ayıklama yapılması sonucunda tohum bahçelerinden elde edilecek genetik kazanç ise gövde hacmi için % 16.1 ve özgül ağırlık içinde %1.7 olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Islah değerlerine göre bir ve ikinci seri denemelerde en yüksek ıslah değerine sahip 30 klonla kurulacak genotipik tohum bahçelerinden elde edilecek 9 genetik kazanç, gövde hacminde % 35, özgül ağırlıkta %5.2 ve lif boyu içinse %12 olarak bulunmuştur. Özgül ağırlık ile büyüme karakterleri arasında genetik ve fenotipik bir ilişkini olmaması her iki karakter açısından da bir seleksiyon yapılabilmesine olanak sağlamıştır. Her iki karakter açısından en yüksek 10 ailenin seçilmesiyle elde edilen genetik kazanç gövde hacmi için % 27.7 iken özgül ağırlık için % 5.6 olarak hesaplanmıştır.In long term, to increase wood production in Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia), genetic control of wood specific gravity (WSG), fiber length and growth traits was investigated. Open pollinated Ceyhan progeny trial, which was established with the seeds collected from 168 clones originated from six clonal Turkish red pine seed orchards was used to realize this investigation. Wood samples were taken by destructive sampling during the rouging of this trial at the age of seven. Specifically; (1) to examine the magnitude of family differences and its components for wood specific gravity (WSG) and growth traits (height, diameter and stem volume); (2) to determine WSG inheritance and its genetic correlation with growth traits; and (3) to estimate breeding values of 168 families for the WSG and to predict genetic gain if selection is based on phenotypic, rouged and genotypic seed orchard by reselecting the best parents with respect to WSG. Differences among the 168 families for mean WSG was large (ranged from 0.35 to 0.44), as indicated by high individual (0.42+0.07) and family mean (0.55+0.03) heritabilities. Family differences and high heritabilities were also observed for all growth traits and fiber length. Genetic correlations between WSG and growth traits were statistically insignificant (near zero), while low and insignificant negative phenotypic correlations among the same traits were observed. On the other hand, although the same correlation was negative for wood specific gravity and fiber length, a positive genetic correlation between fiber length and growth traits was observed. Realized genetic gain for single trait selection at age of seven was insignificant (0.37 %) for WSG and 8.4 % for stem volume in phenotypic seed orchards. Average genetic gain in breeding zone after roguing, by leaving the best 20 clones in each seed orchard, reached 1.7 % for WSG and 16.1 % for stem volume. Genetic gain (relative to controls) at the age of seven obtained from the first generation genotypic seed orchards consisting the best 30 clones was estimated 5.2 % for WSG, 35 % for stem volume and 12% for fiber length. Multi-trait selection was also proposed in this 11 study for the same traits. Selection of best 10 families for the highest WSG and stem volume breeding values produce 5.6 % genetic gain for WSG and 27.7 % genetic gain for stem volume

Recent Advances in Health Biotechnology During Pandemic

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in 2019, cut the epoch that will make profound fluctuates in the history of the world in social, economic, and scientific fields. Urgent needs in public health have brought with them innovative approaches, including diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. To exceed the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, various scientific authorities in the world have procreated advances in real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based diagnostic tests, rapid diagnostic kits, the development of vaccines for immunization, and the purposing pharmaceuticals for treatment. Diagnosis, treatment, and immunization approaches put for- ward by scientific communities are cross-fed from the accrued knowledge of multidisciplinary sciences in health biotechnology. So much so that the pandemic, urgently prioritized in the world, is not only viral infections but also has been the pulsion in the development of novel approaches in many fields such as diagnosis, treatment, translational medicine, virology, mi- crobiology, immunology, functional nano- and bio-materials, bioinformatics, molecular biol- ogy, genetics, tissue engineering, biomedical devices, and artificial intelligence technologies. In this review, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of various scientific areas of health biotechnology are discussed