Continuity of symplectically adjoint maps and the algebraic structure of Hadamard vacuum representations for quantum fields on curved spacetime

We derive for a pair of operators on a symplectic space which are adjoints of each other with respect to the symplectic form (that is, they are sympletically adjoint) that, if they are bounded for some scalar product on the symplectic space dominating the symplectic form, then they are bounded with respect to a one-parametric family of scalar products canonically associated with the initially given one, among them being its ``purification''. As a typical example we consider a scalar field on a globally hyperbolic spacetime governed by the Klein-Gordon equation; the classical system is described by a symplectic space and the temporal evolution by symplectomorphisms (which are symplectically adjoint to their inverses). A natural scalar product is that inducing the classical energy norm, and an application of the above result yields that its ``purification'' induces on the one-particle space of the quantized system a topology which coincides with that given by the two-point functions of quasifree Hadamard states. These findings will be shown to lead to new results concerning the structure of the local (von Neumann) observable-algebras in representations of quasifree Hadamard states of the Klein-Gordon field in an arbitrary globally hyperbolic spacetime, such as local definiteness, local primarity and Haag-duality (and also split- and type III_1-properties). A brief review of this circle of notions, as well as of properties of Hadamard states, forms part of the article.Comment: 42 pages, LaTeX. The Def. 3.3 was incomplete and this has been corrected. Several misprints have been removed. All results and proofs remain unchange

Inhibition of monocyte complement receptor enhancement by low molecular weight material from human lung cancers

We have studied the effect of dialysates from lung cancer homogenates to alter both the expression of complement (C3b) receptors per se and also to inhibit leucoattractant-induced enhancement of complement rosettes on monocytes from healthy individuals. Enhancement and enhancement-inhibition by tumour extracts were compared with material derived from normal lung excised from distance from the tumour. There was no significant difference between tumour homogenate (TH) and normal lung homogenate (NLH) in terms of enhancement of complement rosettes per se. In contrast, TH produced a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of leucoattractant-induced enhancement of C3b rosettes which was significantly different from that obtained with NLH. This enhancement-inhibition was observed with four undifferentiated, four squamous and three adenocarcinomas of lung. The degree of enhancement-inhibition was not related to the type of tumour or varying accompanying histological features such as necrosis and the degree of infiltration with inflammatory cells. Following gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 each type of cancer gave a major peak of inhibitory activity which eluted with molecules having an apparent molecular size of approximately 3,000 daltons. A second larger peak (8,000-10,000 daltons) was also detected with extracts from the undifferentiated and adenocarcinomas. These results support previous findings, mainly from experimental animals, indicating that 'anti-macrophage/monocyte principles' are elaborated from certain tumour types

Studies on allergy and inflammation

The enclosed papers have been classified into five major sections whose content is as follows:SECTION A - The eosinophil leucocyte The first works are studies on the mechanisms of eosinophil accumulation following antigen-antibody (1,2 ) reactions in guinea pig skin. ' y These were extended to observations on eosinophil chemotaxis in vitro in relation to the complement system. (3,4)The eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A) was first described in 1971.(5,6) Interactions between ECF-A and complement-derived eosinophilotactic factors were reported later(7) as were investigations on the chemical characterisation of ECF-A.(8) Inhibition of eosinophil chemotaxis by an agent related to disodium cromoglycate is also described.(9) Other eosinophil chemotactic agents thought to participate in eosinophil accumulation in vivo include material derived from Hodgkin's lymph node cells,histamine and one of its major catabolites, imidazole acetic acid.(11) The interactions of these agents both in vitro and in vivo were extensively studied(12,13) and extended to investigations on the response of eosinophils to an ECF-A tetrapeptide and histamine in various disease states(14) as well as the capacity of these agents to mobilise eosinophils in the skin of atopic and non-atopic human volunteers.(15)Evidence was provided that one of the functions of the eosinophil in allergic tissue reactions may be its capacity to inhibit mast cell 'regranulation'.(16)Membrane receptors for IgG and complement (C4, C3b and C3d) on human eosinophils and neutrophils and their relation to eosinophilia were described(17) and this work led to the observation that the ECF-A tetrapeptides and histamine both selectively enhance human eosinophil complement receptors.(18)This work, and those of others, was reviewed in several articles.(19-26)SECTION B - Mediators of hypersensitivityIn 1974 it was shown that both slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) and ECF-A were released from passively sensitized skin following interaction with specific antigen.(27) The inactivation of SRS-A by the arylsulphatase contained in various tissues was described(28`) and later it was shown that appreciable amounts of human SRS-A were present in lung as a preformed mediator.(29)A number of miscellaneous papers relating to mediators are contained in this section: these include an observation on complement activation by Corynebacterium parvum;(30) some chemical and physical properties of synthetic human fibrinopeptides(31) and the description of a primate macrophage-cytophilic antibody(32)A review of the various biological pathways associated with the inflammatory response as they relate to complications of blood transfusion were described in a review article.(33)SECTION C - Studies on chemotaxisThis section contains papers on chemotaxis of (34) neutrophils, monocytes and basophils. Particular attention was given to the identification of chemotactic agents associated with Hageman factor-dependent path¬ ways(35), fibrin, formation(36,37) and fibrinolysis.(38,39)There is a study on the relation between neutrophil accumulation in vivo and agents that are chemotactic in vitro.(40)Alterations in monocyte chemotaxis in bronchial carcinoma were described.(41)Much of this work, especially the relation between chemotaxis and haemostasis, was reviewed in 1975.(42)SECTION D - Clinical studiesThis section contains reports on alterations in the complement systems in bronchial asthma(43-45) and the significance of immunoglobulins and complement in pleural effusions associated with bronchial carcinoma.(46) Studies on mediators of hypersensitivity in chronic bronchitis and asthma and their modulation by pharmacological agents are also described.(47,48)Detailed immunological investigations of two clinical cases, one of chronic benign neutropenia(49) and the other on the effect of transfer factor in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis,(50) are described.A consideration of how coagulation and other biological systems may interrelate in the context of 'Stroke' was discussed in a review article.(51)SECTION E - MethodologyThis section contains two articles on methodology, one on the preparation of transfer factor( 52) and the other on tests of immune function.(53

Fractional diffusion models of cardiac electrical propagation: role of structural heterogeneity in dispersion of repolarization

Structural heterogeneity constitutes one of the main substrates influencing impulse propagation in living tissues. In cardiac muscle, improved understanding on its role is key to advancing our interpretation of cell-to-cell coupling, and how tissue structure modulates electrical propagation and arrhythmogenesis in the intact and diseased heart. We propose fractional diffusion models as a novel mathematical description of structurally heterogeneous excitable media, as a mean of representing the modulation of the total electric field by the secondary electrical sources associated with tissue inhomogeneities. Our results, validated against in-vivo human recordings and experimental data of different animal species, indicate that structural heterogeneity underlies many relevant characteristics of cardiac propagation, including the shortening of action potential duration along the activation pathway, and the progressive modulation by premature beats of spatial patterns of dispersion of repolarization. The proposed approach may also have important implications in other research fields involving excitable complex media

Hadamard States and Adiabatic Vacua

Reversing a slight detrimental effect of the mailer related to TeXabilityComment: 10pages, LaTeX (RevTeX-preprint style

High-j single-particle neutron states outside the N=82 core

The behaviour of the i13/2 and h9/2 single-neutron strength was studied with the (4He,3He) reaction on 138Ba, 140Ce, 142Nd and 144Sm targets at a beam energy of 51 MeV. The separation between the single-neutron states i13/2 and h9/2 was measured in N =83 nuclei with changing proton number. To this end spectroscopic factors for states populated in high-l transfer were extracted from the data. Some mixing of l=5 and 6 strength was observed with states that are formed by coupling the f7/2 state to the 2+ and 3- vibrational states and the mixing matrix elements were found to be remarkably constant. The centroids of the strength indicate a systematic change in the energies of the i13/2 and h9/2 single-neutron states with increasing proton number that is in quantitative agreement with the effects expected from the tensor interaction.Comment: 12 pages of text, 3 diagram

Monocyte chemotaxis in bronchial carcinoma and cigarette smokers.

Chemotaxis of blood monocytes was measured in 31 patients with bronchial carcinoma and 19 cigarette smokers. Thirteen patients with metastatic bronchial carcinoma had significantly less (P less than 0.005) chemotactic response than matched controls. Those with disease confined to the chest, or with recurrent or operable bronchial carcinoma, had no significant depression of monocyte chemotaxis. There was also no significant difference in monocyte chemotaxis between cigarette smokers and matched controls. These results support the concept that in human cancer there is a defect in monocyte chemotaxis, but in bronchial carcinoma significant depression was only apparent in those with advanced disease

Random field spin models beyond one loop: a mechanism for decreasing the lower critical dimension

The functional RG for the random field and random anisotropy O(N) sigma-models is studied to two loop. The ferromagnetic/disordered (F/D) transition fixed point is found to next order in d=4+epsilon for N > N_c (N_c=2.8347408 for random field, N_c=9.44121 for random anisotropy). For N < N_c the lower critical dimension plunges below d=4: we find two fixed points, one describing the quasi-ordered phase, the other is novel and describes the F/D transition. The lower critical dimension can be obtained in an (N_c-N)-expansion. The theory is also analyzed at large N and a glassy regime is found.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure