The Characteristics of Apathy in University Students and Issues in Education The Effect on Clinical Training of Attitude and Results (GPA) Prior to Clinical Training, and Forecast Training Results

Background: In recent years, the apathetic attitude of students has been a frequent problem in clinical training. Objectives: To consider the effects on students' results for the clinical training element of their course of their attitude and grade point average (GPA) prior to clinical training, and to examine educational issues within the university. Method: The study focused on 43 fourthyear students in this university's Department of Occupational Therapy. In order to survey students' attitudes and results prior to undertaking clinical training, we looked at three criteria: their GPA at the university prior to clinical training, an Apathy scale and a locus of control. Thereafter, using Spearman rank order correlations and multiple logistic regression analysis, we undertook a comparison, at a significance level of 5%, of the relationship between attitude and results prior to the two eight-week periods of clinical training (Clinical Training III) undertaken by the students. Results: With regard to the training results in the field of mental disability, there was a significant correlation between GPA and Apathy. In particular, those with a sense of physical fatigue and those suffering from a disrupted lifestyle tended to have bad results for their training in this field. In the field of geriatric care as well, there was a significant correlation where those with a disrupted lifestyle were concerned. On the other hand, unlike in other fields, results for training in the field of physical disability showed a significant correlation with regard to lack of effort. Looking at the training by period, GPA had an effect on results for the first period of training, but no correlation was seen with regard to results for the second period. On the other hand, the locus of control and Apathy total were related to results for the second period of training. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed us that it was possible to predict the probability that results for training in the field of mental disability would be in the lower two groups from the rise in the total for lifestyle disruption prior to clinical training (odds ratio 2.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.03～5.57, p=0.04). Furthermore, we discovered that it was possibly to predict the probability that results for training in the field of mental disability would be in the top group from the rise in the total for physical fatigue prior to clinical training (odds ratio 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.40～0.95, p=0.03). Conclusions: Items where there was a correlation with clinical training results can generally be said to be expressions of attitude or drive. In other words, even if the low expression of attitude or drive can be covered up in the first period of training by academic work completed prior to the training, it is likely that a apathetic attitude will have an effect on results for clinical training during the second period. The point on which we would particularly like to focus is the fact that, based on the results of multiple logistic regression analysis, we were able to calculate that it was possible to predict results for training in the field of mental disability from the totals for lifestyle disruption and physical fatigue prior to clinical training

Competences in Project Management: A Case Study in Osaka Institute of Technology

This chapter briefly explains the distributed project management of four joint departments for first-grade joint project-based learning (PBL). That is, conventional studies and purpose, capital, competence and ability of four kinds of distributed project management were presented, and relations among them are shown after describing background (included prehistory of PBL in Osaka Institute of Technology (O.I.T.)). Then, consideration and analysis about communication, interaction, cooperation, merit, week-point, effect and inference were discussed. Some case studies were described about open innovation and competences in stakeholder management. They were distinctive and superior in first-grade PBL of O.I.T. Finally, some future themes were presented

Analysis of subgingival microbiota in monozygotic twins with different severity and progression risk of periodontitis

The study aims to reveal the composition of subgingival bacteria in monozygotic twins with discordant in severity and progression risk of periodontitis. Microbiome analysis indicated that most bacteria were heritable but differed in their abundance and immune response. The dysbiotic bacteria can be considered as risk markers for periodontitis progression

A Study of Cleft Sentences in English Based on Relevance Theory

The analysis of Cleft Sentences has been, so far, mainly made based on the structure of information found in English discourse. However, there are inconsistencies in that approach that become problematic when it is used to explain the semantic or pragmatic structure of Cleft Sentences. In this thesis, we propose that Cleft Sentences should be treated within the framework of Relevance Theory. This theory emphasizes the inferential processes of speakers and hearers in the production of Cleft Sentences. It is within this framework that we can solve some of the above-mentioned problems that occur with the information structure approach

Effect of Hyperosmotic Stimulation and Adrenalectomy on Vasopressin mRNA Levels in the Paraventricular and Supraoptic Nuclei of the Hypothalamus:

The effects of salt loading and adrenalectomy on arginine vasopressin (AVP) mRNA levels in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus were studied by semiquantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry, using a synthetic oligonucleotide probe and a computer-assisted image analysis system. Salt loading (2% NaCl) for 7 days produced marked increases in AVP mRNA levels in the magnocellular neurons of the PVN, SON, and accessory nuclei. Adrenalectomy caused an increase in AVP mRNA expression in the magnocellular part of the PVN and the expansion of hybridization signals into its medial parvocellular region, where the cell bodies of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons are located. No apparent alteration of AVP mRNA levels was observed in the SON following adrenalectomy. These results indicate that hyperosmotic stimulation and the loss of circulating glucocorticoids had differential effects on AVP gene expression in the PVN and SON, and that the magnocellular PVN and SON neurons responded in different manners to the loss of feedback signals.</p

A Case of Lipoma in the Deep Part of Neck

It is comparatively rare that lipoma is found in the deep part of neck, though lipoma is often found in parts of back, neck, breast, etc. And so the authors reported a case of lipoma in 71-year-old woman that was made the diagnosis of lipoma in the deep part of neck, from the clinical symptoms and CT examination, and was confirmed histologically after the enucleation under general anesthesia

高齢の非代償性心不全患者において、非心血管疾患、特に感染症は重要な死因である

BACKGROUND:Despite marked improvements in treatment strategies for heart failure (HF), the mortality rate of elderly patients with HF is still high. Detailed causes of death have not been fully understood.METHODS AND RESULTS:We studied 459 consecutive patients with acute decompensated HF (ADHF) emergently admitted to our hospital from 2007 to 2011. Patients were divided into 2 groups: <75 years old (younger group; n = 225) and ≥75 years old (elderly group; n = 234). All-cause death, cardiovascular death, and noncardiovascular death were assessed as adverse outcomes. Compared with the younger group, the elderly group was characterized by a higher proportion of women and hypertensive patients and higher left ventricular ejection fraction. During a mean follow-up of 20.7 months, a total of 174 patients (37.9%) died. All-cause death was significantly higher in the elderly group than in the younger group (46.6% vs 28.9%; P < .0001), and this difference was caused by an increase in noncardiovascular deaths (20.9% vs 9.3%; P < .001), especially deaths due to infection (10.7% vs 4.0%; P < .01). Cardiovascular deaths did not differ between the 2 groups.CONCLUSIONS:Noncardiovascular deaths, most of which were caused by infection, were frequent among elderly patients with ADHF.博士（医学）・甲第629号・平成27年3月16日Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

入院初日の尿中好中球ゼラチナーゼ結合性リポカリンは急性心不全患者の重要な予後予測因子である

Background Urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (U‐NGAL) is an early predictor of acute kidney injury and adverse events in various diseases; however, in acute decompensated heart failure patients, its significance remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of U‐NGAL on the first day of admission for the occurrence of acute kidney injury and long‐term outcomes in acute decompensated heart failure patients. Methods and Results We studied 260 acute decompensated heart failure patients admitted to our department between 2011 and 2014 by measuring U‐NGAL in 24‐hour urine samples collected on the first day of admission. Primary end points were all‐cause eath, cardiovascular death, and heart failure admission. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to their median U‐NGAL levels (32.5 μg/gCr). The high‐U‐NGAL group had a significantly higher occurrence of acute kidney injury during hospitalization than the low‐U‐NGAL group (P=0.0012). Kaplan‐Meier analysis revealed that the high‐U‐NGAL group exhibited a worse prognosis than the low‐U‐NGAL group in all‐cause death (hazard ratio 2.07; 95%CI 1.38‐3.12, P=0.0004), cardiovascular death (hazard ratio 2.29; 95%CI 1.28‐4.24, P=0.0052), and heart failure admission (hazard ratio 1.77; 95%CI 1.13‐2.77, P=0.0119). The addition of U‐NGAL to the estimated glomerular filtration rate significantly improved the predictive accuracy of all‐cause mortality (P=0.0083). Conclusions In acute decompensated heart failure patients, an elevated U‐NGAL level on the first day of admission was related to the development of clinical acute kidney injury and independently associated with poor prognosis.博士（医学）・甲第675号・平成29年11月24日Copyright & Usage: © 2017 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes