70 research outputs found

    A NEW SYSTEM OF AUTOMATIC pH REGULATION IN SOLUTION CULTURE

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    EFFECT OF CALCIUM ON SALT INJURY IN PLANTS I. Maize and Bean*

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    EFFECT OF CALCIUM ON SALT INJURY IN PLANTS II. Barley and Rice*

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    数種植物におけるアンモニウムイオン及び硝酸イオンの吸収速度の比較

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    Absorption rares of ammonium ion(NH4+) and nitrate ion(NO3-) for 24 hours were compared using two absorption solutions, which were a single salt solution of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and a complete nutrient solution containing NH4NO3. Test plants were Oryza sativa (Rice), Hordeum vulgare (Barley), Lactuca sativa (Lettuce), Cucumis sativus (Cucumber), Daucus carota (Carrot), Brassica pekinesis (Chinese cabbage), Spinacia oleracea (Spinach) and Raphanus sativus (Radish). From the absorption characteristics of NH4+ and NO3- between a single salt solution of NH4NO3 and a complete nutrient solution containing NH4NO3, the test plants were classified into goup 1(rice,barley and lettuce), which absorbed NH4+ more rapidly than NO3- in both absorption solutions, group 2(cucumber and carrot), which absorbed NH4+ slightly more than NO3- in the single salt solution of NH4NO3, the tendency of which was reversed in the complete nutrient solution containing NH4NO3, and goup 3(Chinese cabbage,spinach and radish), which absorbed NO3- clealy more than NH4+ in the complete nutrient solution, whereas the absorption of NH4+ or NO3- was almost equal in the single salt solution of NH4+NO3-. The above classisication of plants could be explained by the balance of a repressive or competitive characteristics of NH4+ absorption mainly as sociated with a capacity for absorption of calcium ion(Ca2+) and magnesium ion(Mg2+), and the relative root affinity to NO3- that can be evaluated by the relative absorption of NO3- to mono-phosphate ion(H2PO4-) in plant roots. The group 1 plants are the so-called acid tolerant plants, which appeared to be tolerant to NH4+, and showed a marked pH decreased during the 24 hours of the absorption experiments in those plants. By contrast, the group 3 plant seemed to prefer NO3- and divalent alkaline earth cations to the other nutrients in the complete nutrient solution containing NH4No3, and the pH decrease during each absorption experiment was small.硝酸アンモニウム2.5mMの単塩溶液(以下、硝安単塩溶液)及び2.5mMの硝酸アンモニウムを窒素源とする完全培地(以下、硝安完全培地)を吸収溶液とし、アンモニア態窒素及び硝酸態窒素について24時間の吸収実験を行った。実験材料はイネ、オオムギ、レタス、キュウリ、ニンジン、ハクサイ、ホウレンソウ、ダイコンであった。硝安単塩溶液及び硝安完全培地における両形態窒素の吸収特性から、試験植物は次のように分類できた。(1)イネ、オオムギ、レタス:何れの吸収溶液からでも、硝酸態窒素に比較して常にアンモニア態窒素を速やかに吸収する植物群、(2)キュウリ、ニンジン:硝安単塩溶液ではアンモニア態窒素を速やかに吸収するが、硝安完全培地ではこの傾向が逆転し、硝酸態窒素の吸収がやや速やかになる植物群、(3)ハクサイ、ホウレンソウ、ダイコン:硝安単塩溶液では両形態の窒素の吸収速度はほぼ等しいが、硝安完全培地では明らかに硝酸態窒素の吸収が速やかになる植物群。上記の分類は、それぞれの培地におけるアンモニア態窒素の吸収と拮抗する他のイオンの吸収特性、換言すれば、NO3-/NH4+吸収比、あるいは、Ca2+とMg2+の合計吸収速度、または、植物根の硝酸態窒素に対する相対的な根の親和性、つまり、NO3-/H2PO4-吸収比によって説明できた。すなわち、第1群は1価陽イオン、特に、アンモニウムイオンに対する根の親和性は大きいが硝酸態窒素に対する根の親和性は小さく、また、耐酸性、耐アンモニア性の大きい植物と考えられ、24時間の吸収時間中の培地pHの低下は著しかった。これに対して、第3群は硝安完全培地中では硝酸態窒素、2価陽イオンに対する根の親和性の大きい植物であり、また第2群は、アンモニア態及び硝酸態窒素、ならびに、2価陽イオンに対する根の親和性などが第1群と第3群の中間の植物であった
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