A situational analysis of matrifocal households in selected urban poor communities

The main objective of this study is to provide a situational analysis of matrifocal households in selected urban poor communities.This study focuses on the following interests: the background characteristics of matrifocal households perception of mothers which include the advantages and disadvantages in child rearing, finance, decision making, self efficacy and the major problems encountered by the mothers their coping strategies support systems and their aspirations for themselves, their children and their neighborhood.The study utilized an exploratory research design comprised of ten key informant mothers--five are separated, three are widowed and two are unwed. From the ten key informants, three mothers from each of the three types were chosen to take part in a day in a life\u27 observation.The major findings in the study are as follows: the average number of years the key informants became head of the family is seven, while the average number of children that they have is three. Five of these mothers earn an income which fall below the poverty level line while the other five belong to those who are above the poverty level line. However, the total average household income of these mothers is P 2,600, which is still below the poverty level line. These mothers who have low incomes spend more than what they earn, which is why shortage occurs. Theses women who head matrifocal households prefer their present condition and consider it more of an advantage in terms of child rearing and decision making because the situation made them more independent, self-efficient and stronger in facing obstacles in life. Their only problem is the need for money, which is extremely essential for their survival. Various ways and means such as engaging in secondary occupations, attending religious activities, striving hard are employed by these mothers in order to cope with the pressing difficulties they encounter

Analysis of the PINK1 Gene in a Large Cohort of Cases With Parkinson Disease

Background Mutations in the PTEN-induced kinase (PINK1) gene located within the PARK6 locus on chromosome 1p35-p36 have recently been identified in patients with recessive early-onset Parkinson disease. Objective To assess the prevalence of PINK1 mutations within a series of early- and late-onset Parkinson disease patients living in North America. Design All coding exons of the PINK1 gene were sequenced in a series of 289 Parkinson disease patients and 80 neurologically normal control subjects; the mutation frequencies were evaluated in additional controls (100 white and 50 Filipino subjects). Results We identified 27 variants, including the first reported compound heterozygous mutation (Glu240Lys and Leu489Pro) and a homozygous Leu347Pro mutation in 2 unrelated young-onset Parkinson disease patients. Conclusion Autosomal recessive mutations in PINK1 are a rare cause of young-onset Parkinson disease