2,186 research outputs found
Terminal velocity and drag reduction measurements on superhydrophobic spheres
Super water-repellent surfaces occur naturally on plants and aquatic insects and are created in the laboratory by combining micro- or nanoscale surface topographic features with hydrophobic surface chemistry. When such types of water-repellent surfaces are submerged they can retain a film of air (a plastron). In this work, we report measurements of the terminal velocity of solid acrylic spheres with various surface treatments settling under the action of gravity in water. We observed increases in terminal velocity corresponding to drag reduction of between 5% and 15% for superhydrophobic surfaces that carry plastrons
Spinor Parallel Propagator and Green's Function in Maximally Symmetric Spaces
We introduce the spinor parallel propagator for maximally symmetric spaces in
any dimension. Then, the Dirac spinor Green's functions in the maximally
symmetric spaces R^n, S^n and H^n are calculated in terms of intrinsic
geometric objects. The results are covariant and coordinate-independent.Comment: 7 page
Dispersive Gap Mode of Phonons in Anisotropic Superconductors
We estimate the effect of the superconducting gap anisotropy in the
dispersive gap mode of phonons, which is observed by the neutron scattering on
borocarbide superconductors. We numerically analyze the phonon spectrum
considering the electron-phonon coupling, and examine contributions coming from
the gap suppression and the sign change of the pairing function on the Fermi
surface. When the sign of the pairing function is changed by the nesting
translation, the gap mode does not appear. We also discuss the suppression of
the phonon softening of the Kohn anomaly due to the onset of superconductivity.
We demonstrate that observation of the gap dispersive mode is useful for
sorting out the underlying superconducting pairing function.Comment: 7 pages, 12 figures, to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jp
The Rewards of Patience: An 822 Day Time Delay in the Gravitational Lens SDSS J1004+4112
We present 107 new epochs of optical monitoring data for the four brightest
images of the gravitational lens SDSS J1004+4112 observed between October 2006
and June 2007. Combining this data with the previously obtained light curves,
we determine the time delays between images A, B and C. We confirm our previous
measurement finding that A leads B by dt_BA=40.6+-1.8 days, and find that image
C leads image A by dt_CA=821.6+-2.1 days. The lower limit on the remaining
delay is that image D lags image A by dt_AD>1250 days. Based on the
microlensing of images A and B we estimate that the accretion disk size at a
rest wavelength of 2300 angstrom is 10^{14.8+-0.3} cm for a disk inclination of
cos{i}=1/2, which is consistent with the microlensing disk size-black hole mass
correlation function given our estimate of the black hole mass from the MgII
line width of logM_BH/M_sun=8.44+-0.14. The long delays allow us to fill in the
seasonal gaps and assemble a continuous, densely sampled light curve spanning
5.7 years whose variability implies a structure function with a logarithmic
slope of gamma = 0.35+-0.02. As C is the leading image, sharp features in the C
light curve can be intensively studied 2.3 years later in the A/B pair,
potentially allowing detailed reverberation mapping studies of a quasar at
minimal cost.Comment: Submitted to ApJ, 12 pages, 3 figure
A natural renormalizable model of metastable SUSY breaking
We propose a model of metastable dynamical supersymmetry breaking in which
all scales are generated dynamically. Our construction is a simple variant of
the Intriligator-Seiberg-Shih model, with quark masses induced by
renormalizable couplings to an auxiliary supersymmetric QCD sector. Since all
scales arise from dimensional transmutation, the model has no fundamental
dimensionful parameters. It also does not rely on higher-dimensional operators.Comment: 9 pages; v2: typos correcte
Charge and orbital ordering in underdoped La1-xSrxMnO3
We have explored spin, charge and orbitally ordered states in La1-xSrxMnO3 (0
< x < 1/2) using model Hartree-Fock calculations on d-p-type lattice models. At
x=1/8, several charge and orbitally modulated states are found to be stable and
almost degenerate in energy with a homogeneous ferromagnetic state. The present
calculation indicates that a ferromagnetic state with a charge modulation along
the c-axis which is consistent with the experiment by Yamada et al. might be
responsible for the anomalous behavior around x = 1/8.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
First-Principles Computation of YVO3; Combining Path-Integral Renormalization Group with Density-Functional Approach
We investigate the electronic structure of the transition-metal oxide YVO3 by
a hybrid first-principles scheme. The density-functional theory with the
local-density-approximation by using the local muffin-tin orbital basis is
applied to derive the whole band structure. The electron degrees of freedom far
from the Fermi level are eliminated by a downfolding procedure leaving only the
V 3d t2g Wannier band as the low-energy degrees of freedom, for which a
low-energy effective model is constructed. This low-energy effective
Hamiltonian is solved exactly by the path-integral renormalization group
method. It is shown that the ground state has the G-type spin and the C-type
orbital ordering in agreement with experimental indications. The indirect
charge gap is estimated to be around 0.7 eV, which prominently improves the
previous estimates by other conventional methods
Hydrodynamic Equations in Quantum Hall Systems at Large Currents
Hydrodynamic equations (HDEQs) are derived which describe spatio-temporal
evolutions of the electron temperature and the chemical potential of
two-dimensional systems in strong magnetic fields in states with large diagonal
resistivity appearing at the breakdown of the quantum Hall effect. The
derivation is based on microscopic electronic processes consisting of drift
motions in a slowly-fluctuating potential and scattering processes due to
electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions. In contrast with the usual
HDEQs, one of the derived HDEQs has a term with an energy flux perpendicular to
the electric field due to the drift motions in the magnetic field. As an
illustration, the current distribution is calculated using the derived HDEQs.Comment: 10 pages, 2 Postscript figures, to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.
71 (2002) No.
Thermohydrodynamics in Quantum Hall Systems
A theory of thermohydrodynamics in two-dimensional electron systems in
quantizing magnetic fields is developed including a nonlinear transport regime.
Spatio-temporal variations of the electron temperature and the chemical
potential in the local equilibrium are described by the equations of
conservation with the number and thermal-energy flux densities. A model of
these flux densities due to hopping and drift processes is introduced for a
random potential varying slowly compared to both the magnetic length and the
phase coherence length. The flux measured in the standard transport experiment
is derived and is used to define a transport component of the flux density. The
equations of conservation can be written in terms of the transport component
only. As an illustration, the theory is applied to the Ettingshausen effect, in
which a one-dimensional spatial variation of the electron temperature is
produced perpendicular to the current.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figur
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