86 research outputs found
Higher Order Corrections to the Primordial Gravitational Wave Spectrum and its Impact on Parameter Estimates for Inflation
We study the impact of the use of the power series expression for the
primordial tensor spectrum on parameter estimation from future direct detection
gravitational wave experiments. The spectrum approximated by the power series
expansion may give large deviation from the true (fiducial) value when it is
normalized at CMB scale because of the large separation between CMB and direct
detection scales. We derive the coefficients of the higher order terms of the
expansion up to the sixth order within the framework of the slow-roll
approximation and investigate how well the inclusion of higher order terms
improves the analytic prediction of the spectrum amplitude by comparing with
numerical results. Using the power series expression, we consider future
constraints on inflationary parameters expected from direct detection
experiments of the inflationary gravitational wave background and show that the
truncation of the higher order terms can lead to incorrect evaluation of the
parameters. We present two example models; a quadratic chaotic inflation model
and mixed inflaton and curvaton model with a quartic inflaton potential.Comment: 25 pages, 7 figures, revised version accepted by JCA
Current status of space gravitational wave antenna DECIGO and B-DECIGO
Deci-hertz Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (DECIGO) is the
future Japanese space mission with a frequency band of 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz. DECIGO
aims at the detection of primordial gravitational waves, which could be
produced during the inflationary period right after the birth of the universe.
There are many other scientific objectives of DECIGO, including the direct
measurement of the acceleration of the expansion of the universe, and reliable
and accurate predictions of the timing and locations of neutron star/black hole
binary coalescences. DECIGO consists of four clusters of observatories placed
in the heliocentric orbit. Each cluster consists of three spacecraft, which
form three Fabry-Perot Michelson interferometers with an arm length of 1,000
km. Three clusters of DECIGO will be placed far from each other, and the fourth
cluster will be placed in the same position as one of the three clusters to
obtain the correlation signals for the detection of the primordial
gravitational waves. We plan to launch B-DECIGO, which is a scientific
pathfinder of DECIGO, before DECIGO in the 2030s to demonstrate the
technologies required for DECIGO, as well as to obtain fruitful scientific
results to further expand the multi-messenger astronomy.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
地域活動を“いきいき”として支えている人の要因
本研究の目的は、地域活動を“いきいき”として支えている人の要因を明らかにし、どうしたらそのような人を増やせるのかを検討することである。地域に住み、地域において“いきいき”とボランティアや役員として活動している13名を対象に、半構成的インタビューを行った。KJ法を用いて分類・図解した結果、“いきいき”と活動を続けられる要因は「いきいきと活動するサイクル」と「支援するサイクル」の2つに分けられ、「いきいきと活動するサイクル」を回すためには「支援するサイクル」を円滑に回す事が必要であった。二つのサイクルが円滑に回り、地域活動を発展し続ける事で“いきいき”と活動する人が増えると考えられた
Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether eculizumab helps patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) achieve the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (MM), we assessed patients' status throughout REGAIN (Safety and Efficacy of Eculizumab in AChR+ Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis) and its open-label extension. METHODS: Patients who completed the REGAIN randomized controlled trial and continued into the open-label extension were included in this tertiary endpoint analysis. Patients were assessed for the MGFA post-intervention status of improved, unchanged, worse, MM, and pharmacologic remission at defined time points during REGAIN and through week 130 of the open-label study. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients completed REGAIN and continued into the open-label study (eculizumab/eculizumab: 56; placebo/eculizumab: 61). At week 26 of REGAIN, more eculizumab-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved a status of improved (60.7% vs 41.7%) or MM (25.0% vs 13.3%; common OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). After 130 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 88.0% of patients achieved improved status and 57.3% of patients achieved MM status. The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with its known profile and no new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSION: Eculizumab led to rapid and sustained achievement of MM in patients with AChR+ refractory gMG. These findings support the use of eculizumab in this previously difficult-to-treat patient population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: REGAIN, NCT01997229; REGAIN open-label extension, NCT02301624. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that, after 26 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 25.0% of adults with AChR+ refractory gMG achieved MM, compared with 13.3% who received placebo
Minimal Symptom Expression' in Patients With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody-Positive Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab
The efficacy and tolerability of eculizumab were assessed in REGAIN, a 26-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), and its open-label extension
神経の生存を維持する因子の解析
末梢神経の活動に関与している非神経細胞は、神経の長期生存のために必要な神経因子を供給することができ、さらにこれら非神経細胞によって作られた環境が軸索の再生にも働いている。感覚神経や交感神経を非神経細胞から分離して培養すると、その長期生存には神経因子の1つである神経成長因子(NGF)の添加が必要となる。NGF を神経細胞に作用させると神経細胞はNGF 受容体の1つであるTrk をリン酸化し、続いてシグナル伝達経路の1つであるRaf−MEK−ERK 経路を活性化することで神経突起の誘導や長期生存を保っている。我々は交感神経由来のPC12細胞からNGF には反応しないが熱ショックのような物理的刺激によって神経突起の誘導や長期生存が引き起こされる新規の細胞株であるPC12m3-S 細胞を開発した。PC12m3-S 細胞に物理的刺激を与えると、Raf−MEK−ERK 経路ではなくp38キナーゼ経路が活性化した。これらの結果から、PC12m3-S 細胞は物理的刺激によってp38キナーゼ経路を介した神経再生が活発となりさらに神経の長期生存を保っていると考えられた
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