Spectral clustering algorithm for the allometric extension model

The spectral clustering algorithm is often used as a binary clustering method for unclassified data by applying the principal component analysis. To study theoretical properties of the algorithm, the assumption of conditional homoscedasticity is often supposed in existing studies. However, this assumption is restrictive and often unrealistic in practice. Therefore, in this paper, we consider the allometric extension model, that is, the directions of the first eigenvectors of two covariance matrices and the direction of the difference of two mean vectors coincide, and we provide a non-asymptotic bound of the error probability of the spectral clustering algorithm for the allometric extension model. As a byproduct of the result, we obtain the consistency of the clustering method in high-dimensional settings.Comment: 20 page

高効率なデータ収集を実現する衛星センサネットワークシステムに関する研究

Tohoku University加藤寧課

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Hilar Bile Duct

We herein report a rare case of squamous cell carcinoma of the hilar bile duct. A 66-year-old Japanese male patient was admitted to our hospital because of appetite loss and jaundice. Abdominal computed tomography revealed an enhanced mass measuring 10 × 30 mm in the hilar bile duct region. After undergoing biliary drainage, the patient underwent extended right hepatic lobectomy with regional lymph nodes dissection. The tumor had invaded the right portal vein. Therefore, we also performed resection and reconstruction of the portal vein. Histopathologically, the carcinoma cells exhibited a solid structure with differentiation to squamous cell carcinoma with keratinization and intercellular bridges. Immunohistochemical staining of the tumor cells revealed positive cytokeratin staining and negative CAM 5.2 staining. Based on these findings, a definitive diagnosis of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the hilar bile duct was made

Smart Handover with Predicted User Behavior using Convolutional Neural Networks for WiGig Systems

WiGig networks and 60 GHz frequency communications have a lot of potential for commercial and personal use. They can offer extremely high transmission rates but at the cost of low range and penetration. Due to these issues, WiGig systems are unstable and need to rely on frequent handovers to maintain high-quality connections. However, this solution is problematic as it forces users into bad connections and downtime before they are switched to a better access point. In this work, we use Machine Learning to identify patterns in user behaviors and predict user actions. This prediction is used to do proactive handovers, switching users to access points with better future transmission rates and a more stable environment based on the future state of the user. Results show that not only the proposal is effective at predicting channel data, but the use of such predictions improves system performance and avoids unnecessary handovers.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Networ

Suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression by 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol requires de novo protein synthesis in activated macrophages

Liver X receptors (LXRs) play an important role in lipid metabolism. Recently, a role for these proteins was identified in suppressing the inflammatory response. However, it is not known whether the natural ligands of LXRs, e.g. 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol (22R-HC), can suppress the inflammatory response after the onset of inflammation. We demonstrate here that treatment of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 macrophages with 22R-HC markedly suppressed nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression. Additionally, 22R-HC did not affect the DNA binding activity of NF-κB, AP-1 and C/EBP(s), important transcriptional factors for iNOS and COX-2 genes expression. Furthermore iNOS and COX-2 mRNA suppression by 22R-HC was diminished by cellular treatment with cycloheximide. These results suggest that 22R-HC suppresses the expression of iNOS and COX-2 genes through de novo protein synthesis of an unidentified protein in LPS-activated macrophages. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Cloning of cDNA and genomic DNA for human cytochrome P-45011β

AbstractA full-length cDNA clone encoding steroid 11β-hydroxylase (P-45011β) has been isolated from a cDNA library derived from human adrenal tumor. The insert of the clone contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of 503 amino acid residues together with a 4 bp 5'-untranslated region and a 576 bp 3'-untranslated region to which a poly(A) tract is attached. The promoter region of the P-45011β gene has also been isolated from a genomic library derived from human pre-B cells. It contains a TATA box, a putative cAMP-responsive element, several repeated sequences and two sequence elements similar to the consensus sequence for binding of AP-1. A transient expression assay in Y-1 adrenal tumor cells demonstrates that the promoter activity is remarkably enhanced by treatment of the cells with cAMP. In addition, analysis using deletion mutants containing various lengths of the 5'-flanking region of the gene suggests that several cis-acting elements participate in transcriptional regulation of human P-45011β gene

Incidence and mutation analysis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in eastern indonesian populations

We conducted a field survey of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenese (G6PD) deficiency in the eastern Indonesian islands, and analyzed G6PD variants molecularly. The incidence of G6PD deficiency in 5 ethnic groups (Manggarai, Bajawa, Nage-Keo, Larantuka, and Palue) on the Flores and Palue Islands was lower than that of another native group, Sikka, or a nonnative group, Riung. Molecular analysis of G6PD variants indicated that 19 cases in Sikka had a frequency distribution of G6PD variants similar to those in our previous studies, while 8 cases in Riung had a different frequency distribution of G6PD variants. On the other hand, from field surveys in another 8 ethnic groups (Timorese, Sumbanese, Savunese, Kendari, Buton, Muna, Minahasa, and Sangirese) on the islands of West Timor, Sumba, Sulawesi, Muna and Bangka, a total of 49 deficient cases were detected. Thirty-nine of these 49 cases had G6PD Vanua Lava (383T＞C) of Melanesian origin. In our previous studies, many cases of G6PD Vanua Lava were found on other eastern Indonesian islands. Taken together, these findings may indicate that G6PD Vanua Lava is the most common variant in eastern Indonesian populations, except for Sikka

Body mass index >= 23 is a risk factor for insulin resistance and diabetes in Japanese people: A brief report

Background: Screening for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus is recommended for Asian Americans with a body mass index ≥23. However, the optimal body mass index cut-off score for predicting the risk of diabetes mellitus in Japanese people is not well known. The aim of this study was to determine the best body mass index cut-off score for predicting insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in the Japanese population. Methods: This study had two parts, a clinical investigation and a retrospective observational investigation. In the clinical part of the study, 58 participants (26 with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 32 non-diabetics) underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp from which their glucose disposal rate was measured. For the retrospective part of the study, medical check-up data from 88,305 people in the Tottori Prefecture were analyzed for clinical evidence of diabetes mellitus. The optimal BMI cut-off scores for prediction of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus were determined. Results: In the clamp study, the optimal body mass index cut-off score to predict insulin resistance in non-diabetic patients was 22.7. All participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus were insulin resistant, and the optimal body mass index cut-off score for prediction of severe insulin resistance was 26.2. When the data from the type 2 diabetic and the non-diabetic participants were combined, the optimal body mass index cut-off score for prediction of insulin resistance was 23.5. Analysis of 88,305 medical check-up records yielded an optimal body mass index cut-off score for prediction of diabetes mellitus of 23.6. Conclusions: These results suggest that having a body mass index ≥23 is a risk factor for insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in the Japanese population

CPR-IR is an insulin resistance index that is minimally affected by hepatic insulin clearance-A preliminary research

Background: Increased hepatic insulin clearance (HIC) is important in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study is to analyze an effective insulin resistance (IR) index that is minimally affected by HIC. Methods: Our study involved 20 participants with T2DM and 21 healthy participants without diabetes (Non-DM). Participants underwent a meal tolerance test from which plasma glucose, insulin and serum C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) were measured, and HOMA-IR and HIC were calculated. Participants then underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp from which the glucose disposal rate (GDR) was measured. Results: The index CPR-IR = 20/(fasting CPR × fasting plasma glucose) was correlated more strongly with GDR, than was HOMA-IR, and CPR-IR could be used to estimate GDR. In T2DM participants with HIC below the median, HOMA-IR and CPR-IR were equally well correlated with GDR. In T2DM with high HIC, CPR-IR correlated with GDR while HOMA-IR did not. In Non-DM, CPR-IR and HOMA-IR were equally well correlated with GDR regardless of HIC. The mean HIC value in T2DM was significantly higher than that of Non-DM. Conclusions: CPR-IR could be a simple and effective index of insulin resistance for patients with type 2 diabetes that is minimally affected by HIC