Automated Screening for Three Inborn Metabolic Disorders: A Pilot Study

Background: Inborn metabolic disorders (IMDs) form a large group of rare, but often serious, metabolic disorders. Aims: Our objective was to construct a decision tree, based on classification algorithm for the data on three metabolic disorders, enabling us to take decisions on the screening and clinical diagnosis of a patient. Settings and Design: A non-incremental concept learning classification algorithm was applied to a set of patient data and the procedure followed to obtain a decision on a patient’s disorder. Materials and Methods: Initially a training set containing 13 cases was investigated for three inborn errors of metabolism. Results: A total of thirty test cases were investigated for the three inborn errors of metabolism. The program identified 10 cases with galactosemia, another 10 cases with fructosemia and the remaining 10 with propionic acidemia. The program successfully identified all the 30 cases. Conclusions: This kind of decision support systems can help the healthcare delivery personnel immensely for early screening of IMDs

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): A Case Study of Axis Bank Foundation

The article aims to study the importance of CSR and the contribution of our industries towards the betterment and well being of the society. Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013 has been referred to align industrial CSR activities with considered CSR activities from The Government of India. In the recent years, the banking industry has contributed a lot towards CSR. In this article, the author has taken Axis Bank foundation as a sample to study how exactly CSR activities are undertaken in the corporate, the accountability and reporting of CSR, and the utilisation of funds towards the progress of society. To study CSR activities of Axis Bank, CSR reports have been collected for a period of 3 years (2014-2015 to 2016-2017). The complete study is based on secondary data. The analysis shows that Axis Bank is succeeding in allocating the fund, identifying CSR activities and reporting the same through CSR audited report which is handled by the CSR committee

Psychology Case Record

UNDIFFERENTIATED SCHIZOPHRENIA: Mrs. M. was apparently normal 1½ years back, she was staying in her home, and carrying out her routine work. Her family members noticed that gradually she becomes dull and withdrawn and preoccupied, she started avoiding to interact with family members and in work place. And also she was found to be talking and laughing to herself. She would sit alone near the tree and would talk to herself. For which if she was questioned she would not reply anything. Her sleep is disturbed they noticed the frequent awakenings is night, she most of the time, she was found to be talking to herself in the night, she would spend most of the time alone not interacting with others. She stopped going for work. Not showing interest in doing house hold work and not maintaining herself. She would not show interest in taking care of her husband who was ill for past 2-3 yrs. 2 months later the family members have brought her to magico religious treatment. But the symptoms persisted. Her husband became very sick and hospitalised. But she did not visit him atleast once, though her husband wished to meet her in the terminal stage of illness. Her children forced her to meet him, but she refused, she didn't give any reason for that. Her husband Mr. Elumalai died in August 2009. Due to alcoholic liver disease. The day of her husband's death she did not worry about it, she did not show the normal emotional response for the death. She refused to participate in the formalities in the death ceremony. She did not interact with any relatives who visited the ceremony. She was found preoccupied and talking to herself. 16th day of death ceremony she thrown her husband's photo into the well and shouted that person is not her husband. PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA: Patient was apparently normal about 1½ years back living with his parents working as salesman in a private company and having good interpersonal relationship. Once he had a fight with people in a neighbourhood house regarding disposal of sewage which resulted in physical assault. The neighbour had threatened that he had political influence and would harm him. From then on the patient started expressing fear that the neighbor would harm him. Next day he and apologized to the neighbour and the issue was resolved by talks and the neighbour also apologized in return. But the patient was not convinced and he started saying that the neighbor was still trying to harm him. He used to tell that the neighbor is making gestures to several people indicating that he should be followed. The patient used to tell that wherever he went he was being followed by people set up by the neighbor to follow him and to report his activities. He started saying that he could hear voices of several unknown males and that of his neighbor discussing among themselves the different ways to harm him. He didn’t leave his room claiming that he would harmed and discontinued going to work. Gradually he started to bath and change his clothes less frequently about once in 2 to 3 days. He used to remain preoccupied and at times start shouting that people are coming to harm him and beg his parents to save him from them. He slept only about 4 to 5 hours in a day pacing inside the room or sitting in a place preoccupied. After one year of such behavioural disturbance he was taken to private psychiatrist and treated with tab.Risperidone 2 mg 1-0-2, tab.Benzhexol 2 mg 1-0-1 and tab.Diazepam 5 mg 0-0-2.With treatment his suspiciousness, hearing voices,sleep and self care improved within 6 to 7 months. He discontinued the drugs claiming that he was feeling tired and drowsy always. He didn’t go for work. For the past 6 months it was noticed that he was frequently washing his hands and on enquiry the patient explained that he felt when he touched certain articles in bathroom whether he would get the germs present in the objects. Gradually he started to wash his hands for about 10 to 15 minutes every time he touched any object in the house. He used to spend about 7 to 8 hours in a day involved in washing. For past 1 month he started saying that the neighbor was incorporating the germs in the objects so that he would be affected by life threatening illness. He started saying that the neighbor was coming to know of all his thoughts through by some unknown mechanism and gesturing at him in a mocking way. His sleep and self care also reduced. He was brought to IMH for treatment. No history of persistent sad mood / crying spells / suicidal ideas. No history of elated mood / excessive spending / tall claims. No history of substance abuse. BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE DISORDERMANIA WITH PSYCHOTIC FEATURES: Patient was apparently normal about 6 months back living with her daughter and having good interpersonal relationship. When it was noticed by the informant that the patient was talking excessively than before even with unknown people about various issues like politics, religions and that she had visited several foreign places. When enquired why she was telling lies she would laugh and say that she was simply playing with others. Gradually she started becoming easily irritated and would demand that she wanted several varieties of food to eat and that everyone should watch the TV programs that she wanted to watch. She would demand money about 1,000 to 2,000 rupees daily saying that she wanted to eat in hotels. She slept only for 2 to 3 hours in night and would spend the remaining time in watching TV in loud volume and sing songs. She started saying that she was the creator of the world and that she can destroy it in a second if she gets angry. She started saying that because of her powers some bad people were trying to kill her and continue with their bad works. As she started to assault others claiming that they were coming to harm her she was brought for treatment about 1 month back and started on T.sodium valproate 200 mg 2-2-2,T.Risperidone 2 mg 1-0-1 and T.Diazepam 5 mg 0-0-2. With treatment her symptoms has reduced in intensity. No history of sad mood / crying spells / suicidal ideas / suicidal gestures. No history of hearing voices / seeing images. No history of thoughts being known to others / being controlled by others. No history of substance use. No history of fever / head injury / seizures. MENTAL SUBNORMALITY ADJUSTMENT DISORDER: Mr. V 18 years old by apparently normal 3 years back. He started consuming alcohol introduced by his friends while he failed 10th standard. He started with 150 ml beer and developed tolerance upto 1800 – 2400 ml. He stopped alcohol for 2 months due to headache and vomiting. To overcome these affects he started smoking cigarate excessively. He had an affair with a girl, he was fully preoccupaid about her, he used to think about her atleast 20 hours in a day. So he could not able to concentrate in his study. He failed in +2. He was troubled by the girls brother, who apposed their love. Each of them fought. Issue was taken to police station. Past one year his parents noticed he has disturbed sleep, he falls in sleep around 2.30 a.m. slept for 4 hours. He was unable to concentrate in his studies. He keeps on think about her parents arguments. He could not go to sleep whole the night. His parents reported that he becomes disobedient not returning home in time. And spends all the time with his friends. He roaming purposeless. If they ask about him. He become irritable and abusing. He has runout from house twice in the past two years. Whenever he was scolded by his parents. He would become irritable and restless and make injurius in his body, like burning his arm, making cutting with sharp instruments. No H/O head injury/ LOC/ ENT Bleeding. No history of lauging to self / talking to self. No H/O crying spells. No H/O inflated self esteem. No H/O social problem. No H/O debts. Legal complication + No history of suicidal, ideation are attempt. No H/O of thought insertion / withdrawal and broadcasting. Nil Medical and Psychatric History. CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA: Mr. G was apparently normal 20 years back. He has completed +2 after 4 attempts. He joint typewriting (lower) at the time he was dull and withdrawn. He was laughing to self at times. When question he was evasive. He showed lake of interest in his work. He was very lethargic. Considering his poor scholastic performance, his parents did not force him to pursue his studies further. He remained at home and spent his time watching TV. He begans to express suspicious ideas that somebody is watching him. Observing his actions. He began to talk to self. His father them took him is a neurologist and was giving him T. Hexidol tds for 2 years on the advise of neurologist. Then he stopped taking medications for the past 15 years. 2 years back he became very dull. He became poorly communicative. He did not interact with other family members. He had to be forced to take bath and to maintain her personal hygient when he is not forced, he would stay the same and would remain unclean 6 months before her father on the advice of one of his friends to him to SCARF foundation. He was receiving the drugs, he involves himself in some work has adequate sleep. He has been brought by his father to IMH to transfer his mother pension to him so that it would help him in future. No H/O suicidal attempts / crying to self. No H/O seizures. No H/O head injury. No H/O infection

Book Review: Jill Jarvis, Decolonizing Memory: Algeria and the Politics of Testimony (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2021)

Jill Jarvis’s book Decolonizing Memory: Algeria and the Politics of Testimony is a promising contribution to the flourishing research being done in the field of Memory Studies, that is challenging the Western and in this case the French politics of testimony from the postcolonial point of view. This book can be read from the larger ethical-political perspective in the field of International Relations, where there is a growing demand for Reconciliation Commissions to address archives beyond the legal framework. The book, as the title suggests, brings together both Postcolonial Studies and Memory studies in the context of Algerian history. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, Jarvis’s deconstructive approach to testimony and memory examines how literature archives the two as forms of resilience, as bearers of witness to experiences that surpass both time and space to fill the gaps in official forms of testimony. As more and more nations are demanding compensation from their perpetrators for past violence and crime against humanity on the political front, this book’s relevance is heightened with its demand for justice and reform, and not merely to forgive and forget. The work of deconstruction that Jarvis undertakes to break down familiar language through reflections on the idea of Muslim, justice, witness, and revolt among others, she critiques the age-old practices of testimonial interrogations and censure that destabilises the multifaceted embodiment of Empire. “France remains constitutively haunted by the empire that it has tried both to exorcise and atone for (12)” succinctly covers the period of Algerian colonisation in 1830 to France’s continued endeavour to redeem and absolve itself from its colonial violence that has been and still remains under the shroud of wilful Western amnesia. Jarvis attempts to expose the denial of the paradox of the French Republican values they are so proud of, to demand justice and reform for the most abject

LIVE ENERGY METER READING - CONTINUOUS MONITORING AND ANALYSIS USING THINGSPEAK

The current energy meters do not provide any provision to monitor continuous reading about our electricity consumption. Even the provision for automatic billing system is inefficient. Recently developed automatic meter systems uses the GSM modem for transferring the data from the user to provider over particular time through SMS. It has several disadvantages that the cost of the SMS is comparatively high and does not provide continuous monitoring. However, the designed energy meter uses GPRS to transfer the data continuously. When compared to SMS facility, the cost of GPRS is low at continuous monitoring. There is no need for a person to visit every home at the end of the month for checking the unit consumption. In recent years, the numbers of smartphones and computer users have increased drastically. The users can view their current energy meter reading through the web link thingspeak.com and also pay their Electric bills through the internet. The users and providers can also monitor their energy meters online, and they are also given an option of paying the bill online. Using this system, the users will be aware of the electricity usage in his/her home. Even the provider can remotely cut the supply of the user who is not paying electricity bill in time by visiting their host page. Once the bill is paid the provider can resume the power supply. With some modifications, we can track the energy consumption of any industrial plants, offices, educational institutions, and corporates companies and hence this system may help them to save the power consumption to a greater extent

Power Efficient MAC Unit Based Digital PID Controllers

Proper closed loop has been an ever hot issue in the automotive industry. The industrial equipments governed by PID controllers have very simple control architecture and efficiency but still they find a trouble dueto large power consumption and slow mathematical computation. Many researchers have worked out and are trying to design a low power, less delay PID. This paper reviews three MAC architectures with array, booth and wallace tree multipliers incorporated in PID architecture. The simulations are done and the area, power, delay results are synthesized using Xilinx ISE. Comparisons are made between these three architectures in terms of power delay product and area delay product

Water Pollution In India: An Overview

Most ancient civilizations grew along the banks of rivers. Even today, millions of people all over the world live on the banks of rivers and depend on them for their survival. All of us have seen a river large or small either flowing through our town or somewhere else. Rivers are nothing more than surface water flowing down from a higher altitude to a lower altitude due to the pull of gravity. One river might have its source in a glacier another in a spring or a lake. Rivers carry dissolved minerals organic compounds, small grains of sand gravel and other material as they flow downstream. Rivers begin as small streams which grow wider as smaller streams and rivers join them along their course across the land. Eventually they flow into seas or oceans. Unfortunately most of the world’s major rivers are heavily polluted. The pollution of environment is the gift of the Industrial revolution prior to this the agrarian cultures created significant environment deforestation and overgrazing. The Environmental degradation is a byproduct of modern civilization. Water Pollution is a major global problem which requires on going evaluation and revision of water resource policy at all levels. It has been suggested that water pollution is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily. An estimated 580 people in India die of water pollution related illness every day