31 research outputs found
Serum cystatin C levels are associated with triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in adolescent girls ages between 16-19 years old
OBJECTIVE: The pathophysiological role of cystatin C in cardiometabolic disorders is not completely explored in young population. On the other hand, together with the increase in obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance (IR) are often observed even in youngsters. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between cystatin C and triglycerides-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-c), as an indicator of dyslipidemia and a surrogate marker of IR in the cohort of adolescent girls ages between 16-19 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 99 girls were included in the study. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were provided. Associations of biochemical markers with TG/HDL-c ratio were tested using univariable and multivariable ordinal regression analysis for TG/HDL-c ratio tertiles as dependent variable. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, cystatin C levels were significantly associated with TG/HDL-c ratio (OR=1.813; 95% CI: 1.190-2.757, p=0.005). Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that cystatin C was an independent predictor of TG/HDL-c ratio when body mass index and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (i.e., markers that were significantly correlated with TG/HDL-c ratio in Spearmanās correlation analysis) were included in the Model. Adjusted odds for cystatin C (OR=1.621; 95% CI: 1.028-2.552, p=0.037) demonstrated that rise in cystatin C by 0.1 mg/L increased the probability for higher TG/HDL-c tertile group by 1.621 times. CONCLUSIONS: Serum cystatin C levels are associated with TG/HDL-c ratio in adolescent girls. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the causal relationship between cystatin C and TG/HDL-c ratio and to further explore its diagnostic and therapeutic potential in dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in young population
Predictive values of serum uric acid and Alanine-aminotransferase for fatty liver index in Montenegrin population
Alanine-aminotransferase (ALT) and uric acid cut-off levels used in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) diagnosis are advised to be lowered. Due to contradictory results on the utility of both these biomarkers for NAFLD screening, we aimed to determine their cut-off levels that can be applied to Montenegrin population with the fatty liver disease. A total of 771 volunteers were enrolled. A fatty liver index (FLI) score ā„60 was used as proxy of NAFLD. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with the area under the curve (AUC) was used to determine the cut-off values of ALT and uric acid associated with FLI ā„60. ALT was independent predictor of FLI in both men and women, whereas serum uric acid was its independent predictor only in women. Lower cut-off levels of ALT are associated with the increased prevalence of NAFLD [i.e., ALT was 19 IU/L (AUC=0.746, sensitivity 63%, specificity 72%, P lt 0.001) in women and 22 IU/L (AUC=0.804, sensitivity 61%, specificity 95%, P lt 0.001) in men]. The cut-off value for uric acid was 274 Ī¼mol/L (AUC=0.821, sensitivity 68%, specificity 82%, P lt 0.001) in women. Lower cut-off levels of ALT in both genders, and serum uric acid in females, can be reliable predictors of the FLI
Serum soluble transferrin receptor levels are independently associated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in adolescent girls
Introduction: Markers of iron homeostasis are related to insulin resistance (IR) in adults. However, studies in children and adolescents are scarce and show contradictory results. The aim was to evaluate the potential relationship between iron status markers and IR. Additionally, no previous study has explored the mutual effect of biomarkers of iron homeostasis and inflammation (i.e. high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)), and adipokines (i.e. retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4)) on IR in the cohort of adolescent girls. Material and methods: A total of 60 girls age between 16 and 19 years were included in the study. Serum levels of ferritin, transferrin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), hsCRP, and RBP4 were measured by immunonephelometry. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and iron homeostasis indexes were calculated. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the possible independent associations of the examined biomarkers. Principal component analysis was used to examine their mutual effect on HOMA-IR in the studied girls. Results: Ferritin, sTfR, hsCRP and RBP4 were significant predictors for higher HOMA-IR in univariate analysis (p = 0.020, p = 0.009, p = 0.007, p = 0.003, respectively). Multivariate regression analysis after adjustment for waist circumference (WC) showed that serum sTfR levels remained positively associated with higher HOMA-IR (p = 0.044). Factorial analysis revealed that the obesity-inflammation related factor (i.e., WC and hsCRP) and adipokine- acute phase protein related factor (i.e., RBP4 and ferritin) showed significant differences between HOMA-IR < 2.5 and HOMA-IR ā„ 2.5. Conclusions: Serum sTfR levels are independently associated with HOMA-IR, whereas higher serum ferritin levels together with higher RBP4 are related to higher HOMA-IR in adolescent girls
KardiometaboliÄki rizik u gradske djece u Crnoj Gori - povezanost s pretiloÅ”Äu i spolom
Considering previously reported discrepant results in the literature, we aimed to
investigate the impact of gender and overweight/obesity on cardiometabolic risk (CMR) among
Montenegrin urban children. The cross-sectional study included random sample of 201 schoolchildren
aged 7-12 years (64% of boys) from Podgorica. Childrenās nutritional status was determined according
to the International Obesity Task Force criteria. CMR was assessed using a sum of z values of
the following five indicators: glucose, total cholesterol, inverted value of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,
triglycerides, and hypertension. Higher CMR was found among both overweight and obese
boys compared to normal weight boys (p<0.001). The effect size of the difference in CMR between
overweight and obese girls and normal weight counterparts was less prominent (p<0.05). Logistic
regression analysis revealed that body mass index was independent predictor of high CMR [odds ratio
(OR)=1.06; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.02-1.10); p=0.002]. On the contrary, we found no impact
of socioeconomic status, physical activity or sedentary time on CMR in the examined cohort of
schoolchildren. In conclusion, both overweight and obesity even among young population are related
to higher CMR and this effect is more prominent among boys as compared to girls.ImajuÄi u vidu opreÄne podatke iz literature, cilj naÅ”ega istraživanja je bio ispitati utjecaj spola i pretilosti na kardiometaboliÄki
rizik (KMR) kod gradske djece u Crnoj Gori. Studija presjeka je obuhvatila sluÄajni uzorak od 201 uÄenika u dobi od
7-12 godina (64% djeÄaci) iz Podgorice. Nutritivni status djece procijenjen je prema kriterijima International Obesity Task
Force. KMR je izraÄunat kao zbir z vrijednosti dobivenih zbrajanjem 5 parametara: glukoze, ukupnog kolesterola, inverzne
koncentracije kolesterola u lipoproteinima visoke gustoÄe, triglicerida i visokog krvog tlaka. Pretili i debeli djeÄaci su imali
veÄi KMR u usporedbi s normalno uhranjenim djeÄacima (p<0,001). Ova razlika u KMR bila je manje izražena kod pretilih
i debelih djevojÄica (p<0,05) u usporedbi s normalno uhranjenim djevojÄicama. LogistiÄka regresija je pokazala da je indeks
tjelesne mase nezavisan prediktor poveÄanog KMR [OR=1,06; (95% CI=1,02-1,10), p=0,002]. Nasuprot tome, nismo utvrdili
utjecaj socio-ekonomskog statusa, fiziÄke aktivnosti ili sedentarnog naÄina života na poveÄan KMR u ispitivanoj kohorti
djece. U zakljuÄku, postoji povezanost pretilosti i KMR Äak i u djeÄjoj populaciji, ali je taj uÄinak izraženiji kod djeÄaka u
usporedbi s djevojÄicama
Serumske vrednosti mokraÄne kiseline, triglicerida i ukupnog bilirubina su povezane sa Indeksom masne jetre u adolescentnoj populaciji
Objective: Given the fact that pathophysiological background of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is not completely
elucidated, we aimed to explore the relationship between dyslipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress with
hepatic steatosis index (HSI) in the cohort of adolescent population in Montenegro.
Patients and Methods: A total of 136 adolescents participated in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric and
biochemical markers were provided. HSI was calculated. Associations of biochemical parameters with HSI were
tested using univariable and multivariable ordinal regression analysis for HSI tertiles as dependent variable.
Results: Adjusted odds for uric acid (OR=2.641, P=0.007) and for triglycerides, (OR=5.275, P=0.008) showed
their highly significant positive associations with HSI. On the contrary, adjusted odds for bilirubin (OR=0.923,
P=0.015), indicated its significant negative independent association with HSI. Although C-reactive protein
correlated positively with HSI in univariable analysis (OR=1.962, P<0.001), it lost its independent prediction for
HSI in multivariable analysis (OR=1.442, P=0.130).
Conclusion: Serum uric acid, triglycerides and total bilirubin are associated with HSI in adolescents. Longitudinal
studies are needed to confirm the causal relationship between mentioned biomarkers and hepatic steatosis and to
further explore its diagnostic potential in NAFLD in young population.Cilj: S obzirom na Äinjenicu da patofizioloÅ”ki aspekt nealkoholne steatoze jetre nije u potpunosti razjaÅ”njen, cilj
studije je bio da se ispita povezanost dislipidemije, inflamacije i oksidativnog stresa sa Indeksom masne jetre (IMJ)
u kohorti adolescentne populacije u Crnoj Gori.
Pacijenti i Metode: Ukupno 136 adolescenata je uÄestvovalo u studiji preseka. Antropometrijski i biohemijski
marker su mereni. IMJ je izraÄunat. Povezanost biohemijskih parametara sa IMJ ispitana je univarijantnom i
multivarijantnom ordinalnom regresionom analizom, sa tercilnim vrednostima IMJ kao zavisnom varijablom.
Rezultati: PrilagoÄene odds vrednosti za mokraÄnu kiselinu (OR=2,641, P=0,007) i trigliceride (OR=5,275,
P=0,008) pokazali su visoko znaÄajnu pozitivnu povezanost sa IMJ. Suprotno tome, prilagoÄene odds vrednosti za
bilirubin (OR=0,923, P=0,015) pokazale su znaÄajnu negativnu povezanost sa IMJ. Premda su vrednosti C-
reaktivnog proteina pozitivno korelirale sa IMJ u univarijantnoj (OR=1,962, P<0,001), isti je izgubio nezavisnu
predikciju za IMJ u multivarijantnoj analizi (OR=1,442, P=0,130).
ZakljuÄak: Serumske vrednosti mokraÄne kiseline, triglicerida i ukupnog bilirubina su povezane sa IMJ u
adolescenata. Longitudinalne studije su potrebne da potvrde uzroÄnu povezanost izmeÄu pomenutih biomarkera i
steatoze jetre, kao i da dalje ispitaju njihov dijagnostiÄki potencijal za ovo oboljenje u mlaÄoj populaciji
Cardiovascular risk estimated by UKPDS risk engine algorithm in diabetes
Since there is a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), as well as CVD in Montenegro, we aimed to estimate CVD risk by United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) risk engine algorithm in individuals with DM2. Furthermore, we aimed to explore whether non-traditional biomarker such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is superior for CVD risk prediction over old traditional risk factors. A total of 180 participants with DM2 (of them 50% females) were included in the current cross-sectional study. Biochemical and anthropometric parameters, and blood pressure were obtained. More males than females were classified at high UKPDS risk category (p lt 0.001). Also, about one third of diabetic patients (29.4%) were classified into the high-risk category. In multivariate regression analysis, triglycerides [Odds ratio (OR) =1.703, p=0.001] and creatinine concentration (OR=1.040, p lt 0.001) were independent predictors of CVD risk, whereas hsCRP was not correlated with CVD risk. HsCRP is not superior for CVD risk prediction by UKPDS risk engine algorithm over high triglyceride and creatinine levels in diabetic population, which suggests that the old traditional markers must not be underestimated when examining CVD risk in population with diabetes
Predictors of Adultsā Mental Health During Initial Stage of Covid-19 Pandemic in Croatia
Besides causing serious threats to peopleās physical health and lives, pandemics can lead to psychological distress. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and mental health among adults in Croatia and its association with sociodemographic factors, perceptions of pandemic, locus of control, coping with stress and perceived social support. A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted using a snowball sampling technique. The online survey collected information on sociodemographics, chronic health conditions, self-isolation measure, perception of COVID-19, mental health status, locus of control, coping with stress and perception of social support. Mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). A total of 1482 participants (252 males and 1230 females) completed the study. The mean age of the participants was 33.3 Ā± 12.2 years, 43 % of the participants had elevated levels of anxiety and 18 % suffered from severe and extremely severe anxiety, 33 % had elevated levels of depression and 12 % suffered from severe and extremely severe depression, and 55 % had elevated levels of stress with 13 % suffering from severe and extremely severe stress. The strongest predictors of mental health symptoms were coping with stress, locus of control, and perceived social support. These results highlight the necessity of implementing psychological interventions during the pandemic to improve the mental health of the adults and vulnerable groups in particular that should include identified factors associated with better mental health status such as coping with stress focused on problem, social diversion and social support
Menopauza kao nezavisni prediktor poviÅ”enih vrednosti retinolvezujuÄeg proteina 4 u serumu
Aim: Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a novel adipokine closely related to insulin resistance. However, data on the influence of menopausal status on serum RBP4 are scarce. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine whether RBP4 levels are associated with menopausal status per se, independently of insulin resistance. Methods: A total of 30 premenopausal and 100 postmenopausal women non-treated with medications were included in the cross-sectional study. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, as well as blood pressure (BP) were obtained. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were calculated. Results: Postmenopausal women displayed higher RBP4 and an unfavorable cardiometabolic profile, compared to premenopausal ones. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that in addition to high triglycerides level (beta=0.315; p=0.002), decreased eGFR (beta=-0.258; p=0.004) and high systolic BP (beta=0.418; p=0.028), menopause per se is an independent predictor of higher RBP4 levels (beta=0.240; p=0.016), (R2-adjusted=0.310; F=6,522; p lt 0.001). Conclusions: Serum RBP4 levels are dependent of menopausal status, which should be taken into account when examining the role of this adipokine in cardiometabolic diseases' occurrence.Cilj: Retinol-vezujuÄi protein 4 (RBP4) je novi adipokin, usko povezan sa insulinskom rezistencijom. MeÄutim, nema dovoljno podataka u literaturi o uticaju menopauze na vrednosti ovog proteina u serumu. Zato je cilj ove studije bio da se ispita da li je povezanost menopauze i RBP4 nezavisna ili je posredovana insulinskom rezistencijom. Metode: Ukupno 30 žena u premenopauzi i 100 žena u postmenopauzi, koje nisu na terapiji su ukljuÄene u studiju preseka. Mereni su antropometrijski i biohemijski parametri, kao i krvni pritisak (KP), HOMA indeksi, procenjena jaÄina glomerularne filtracije (JGF) i izraÄunati su. Rezultati: Kod žena u postmenopauzi zabeležene su veÄe vrednosti RBP4 i nepovoljniji kardiometaboliÄki profil, u poreÄenju sa ženama u premenopauzi. ViÅ”estruka linearnaregresiona analiza je pokazala da su viÅ”e vrednosti triglicerida (beta=0,315; p=0,002), smanjena JGF (beta=-0,258; p=0,004), viÅ”e vrednosti sistolnog KP (beta=0,418; p=0,028), i menopauza (beta=0,240; p=0,016), nezavisni prediktori poviÅ”enih vrednosti RBP4 u serumu (R2-adjusted=0,310; F=6,522; p lt 0,001). ZakljuÄak: Menopauza utiÄe na vrednosti RBP4 u serumu, Å”to treba uzeti u obzir prilikom ispitivanja uloge ovog adipokina u pojavi kardiometaboliÄkih poremeÄaja
Uticaj gojaznosti na serumski nivo mokraÄne kiseline kod žena u postmenopauzi
Introduction: At physiological concentrations uric acid (UA) is a powerful antioxidant. However, at higher concentrations UA acts as an oxidant leading to cell damage and consequent risk for many diseases. The underlying mechanism of the relationship between higher UA level and obesityrelated diseases is not well elucidated. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the influence of obesity on serum UA level in postmenopausal women. Methods: A total of 100 overweight/obese postmenopausal women were included in this study. Anthropometric parameters: height, weight and waist circumference (WC) were measured, and body mass index was calculated in all participants. Biochemical parameters: uric acid, fasting glycemia, insulin resistance ((HOMA-IR) was calculated), lipid profile, cystatin C, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), high sensitivity C-reactive protein were determined. Results: After dividing patients according to tertile values of UA concentration, significant increase in anthropometric measurements, HOMA-IR, cystatin C, RBP4, and blood pressure were found in the highest UA tertile. In multiple linear regression analysis, WC (Beta=0.414, p lt 0.001), and cystatin C (Beta=0.300, p lt 0.001), (R2=0.467; p lt 0.001) were the best predictors of higher UA level. Conclusion: Abdominal obesity is the imoprtant determinant of higher UA level in postmenopausal women. A better understanding of underlying mechanisms of hyperuricaemia and adipose tissue disfunction in obesity, such as dysregulation of adipokines and chronic inflammation, together with discovering new target therapy may be of paramount importantance for treating obestity complications.Cilj: U fizioloÅ”kim koncentracijama mokraÄna kiselina (MK) je moÄan neenzimski antioksidans. Ipak, u poviÅ”enoj koncentraciji, MK ispoljava oksidativno dejstvo, dovodeÄi do oÅ”teÄenja Äelije sa poslediÄnim rizikom za nastanak brojnih oboljenja. Mehanizam putem kojeg poveÄana koncentracija MK dovodi do oboljenja uzrokovanih gojaznoÅ”Äu nije u potpunosti razjaÅ”njen. Zato je cilj naÅ”e studije da se ispita uticaj gojaznosti na serumski nivo MK kod žena u postmenopauzi. Metode: U ovom istraživanju je bilo ukljuÄeno 100 predgojaznih/gojaznih žena u postmenopauzi. Svim ispitanicama su izvrÅ”ena antropometrijska merenja, koja su obuhvatila merenje telesne visine, telesne mase i obima struka. Indeks telesne mase je izraÄunat. OdreÄivani su sledeÄi biohemijski parametri: MK, glikemija, (insulinska rezistencija [HOMA-IR]), lipidni status, cistatin C, retinol - vezujuÄi protein (RBP4) i visokosenzitivni C-reaktivni protein. Rezultati: Podelom MK na tercilne vrednosti, uoÄene su najveÄe vrednosti antropometrijskih parametara, HOMA-IR, RBP4, cistatina C i krvnog pritiska u grupi sa najviÅ”im vrednostima MK. Primenom viÅ”estruke linearne regresije, najveÄi uticaj na varijabilitet MK pokazao je obim struka (Beta=0,414; p lt 0,001), zatim cistatin C (Beta=0,300; p lt 0,001), (R2=0,467; p lt 0,001). ZakljuÄak: Abdominalna gojaznost je važna determinanta poviÅ”enih vrednosti MK kod žena u postmenopauzi. Bolje razumevanje mehanizama koji dovode do hiperurikemije i disfunkcije masnog tkiva u gojaznosti, kao Å”to su poremeÄena regulacija adipocitokina i hroniÄna inflamacija, te otkrivanje dodatnih terapijskih ciljeva, može biti od velikog znaÄaja u leÄenju komplikacija gojaznosti
Da li je endokan novi potencijalni biomarker za steatozu i fibrozu jetre?
Studies that evaluated endocan levels in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver fibrosis are scarce. We aimed to explore endocan levels in relation to different stages of liver diseases, such as NAFLD, as determined with fatty liver index (FLI) and liver fibrosis, as assessed with BARD score. A total of 147 participants with FLIā„60 were compared with 64 participants with FLI <30. An FLI score was calculated using waist circumference, body mass index, gamma-glutamyl transferase and triglycerides. Patients with FLIā„60 were further divided into those with no/mild fibrosis (BARD score 0-1 point; n=23) and advanced fibrosis (BARD score 2-4 points; n=124). BARD score was calculated as follows: diabetes mellitus (1 point) + body mass indexā„28 kg/m2 (1 point) + aspartate amino transferase/alanine aminotransferase ratioā„0.8 (2 points). Endocan was independent predictor for FLI and BARD score, both in univariate [OR=1.255 (95% CI= 1.104-1.426), P=0.001; OR=1.208 (95% CI=1.029- 1.419), P=0.021, respectively] and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis [OR=1.287 (95% CI=1.055- 1.570), P=0.013; OR=1.226 (95% CI=1.022-1.470), P=0.028, respectively]. Endocan as a single predictor showed poor discriminatory capability for steatosis/fibrosis [AUC=0.648; (95% CI=0.568-0.727), P=0.002; AUC= 0.667 (95% CI=0.555-0.778), P=0.013, respectively], whereas in a Model, endocan showed an excellent clinical accuracy [AUC=0.930; (95% CI=0.886-0.975), P<0.001, AUC=0.840 (95% CI=0.763-0.918), P<0.001, respectively]. Endocan independently correlated with both FLI and BARD score. However, when tested in models (with other biomarkers), endocan showed better discriminatory ability for liver steatosis/fibrosis, instead of its usage as a single biomarkerUvod: Nema mnogo studija koje su ispitivale vrednosti endokana kod obolelih od nealkoholne steatoze i fibroze jetre. NaÅ” cilj je bio da se ispita nivo endokana u razliÄitim stadijumima oboljenja jetre, kao Å”to su nealkoholna steatoza jetre, predstavljena indeksom masne jetre (FLI) i fibroza jetre, predstavljena BARD skorom. Metode: Ukupno 147 uÄesnika sa FLIā„60 poreÄeno je sa 64 uÄesnika sa FLI <30. FLI skor je izraÄunat koriste i vrednosti obim struka, indeksa telesne mase, aktivnosti gama-glutamil transferaze i vrednosti triglicerida. Ispitanici sa FLIā„60 su dalje podeljeni u 2 grupe: bez fibroze/blaga fibroza (BARD skor 0ā1 poen; n=23) i uznapredovala fibroza (BARD skor 2ā4 poena; n=124). BARD skor je raÄunat na sledeÄi naÄin: e erna bolest (1 poen) + indeks telesne maseā„28 kg/m2 (1 poen) + odnos aspartat aminotransferaza/alanin aminotransferazaā„0,8 (2 poena). Rezultati: Endokan je nezavisan prediktor FLI i BARD skora, kako u univarijantnoj [OR=1,255 (95% CI=1,104ā 1,426), P=0,001; odnosno OR=1,208 (95% CI=1,029ā 1,419), P=0,021], tako i u multivarijantnoj binarnoj logistiÄkoj regresionoj analizi [OR=1.287 (95% CI=1,055ā 1,570), P=0,013; odnosno OR=1,226 (95% CI=1,022ā 1,470), P=0,028]. Endokan kao samostalan prediktor pokazao je slabu diskriminatornu mo za steatozu/fibrozu jetre [AUC=0,648; (95% CI=0,568ā0,727), P=0,002; odnosno AUC=0,667 (95% CI=0,555ā0,778), P=0,013], ali je u Modelu pokazao odliÄnu kliniÄku taÄnost [AUC=0,930; (95% CI=0,886ā0,975), P<0,001; odnosno AUC=0,840 (95% CI=0,763ā0,918), P<0,001]. ZakljuÄak: Endokan je nezavisno povezan kako sa FLI, tako i sa BARD skorom. Ipak, u modelu (sa drugim biomarkerima), endokan je pokazao bolju diskriminatornu sposobnost za steatozu/fibrozu jetre