The Vehicle, Fall 1998

Vol. 40, No. 1 Table of Contents Poetry 23 years across 1000 milesAudre Hillyerpage 1 UntitledEthan Heicherpage 2 glimpseMandy Watsonpage 4 In a Nut ShellSylvia Whippopage 5 Flat Tortilla PagesAudre Hillyerpage 6 AlexeiNicole Cordinpage 7 GracePatty Burnspage 8 sacrementMandy Watsonpage 12 Dream of Your RejectionStephanie Kavanaughpage 13 A hollowed moonMandy Watsonpage 14 UntitledEthan Heicherpage 15 The Blue NoteSylvia Whippopage 16 the six senses of eveEthan Heicherpage 18 Visual art UntitledDawn Kehrkornpage 20 Prose Still LifeKim Hunterpage 21https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1070/thumbnail.jp

The Vehicle, Spring 1998

Vol. 39, No. 2 Table of Contents The MarriageStephanie Kavanaughpage 10 UntitledKyla Anthonypage 11 Behind the Old Farmhouse FieldJacob Tolbertpage 12 decomposing tearsDavid Moutraypage 13 brookBrooke Tidballpage 14 Sacred CircleJacob Tolbertpage 15 without discretionMandy Watsonpage 16 HAIRCUTStephanie Kavanaughpage 17 Slave for a DayLizz Lampherepage 18 Taco HellEric Dolanpage 19 Who Am I?Sara Cizmarpage 20 XXJason Brownpage 21-22 Torn PaperJacob Tolbertpage 23-24 Fat GirlsKim Hunterpage 24 UntitledMaureen Rafterypage 25 LegosA. Fijakiewiczpage 26 Black Shoes in JuneErin Maagpage 27 UntitledMaureen Rafterypage 28 TicklishLizz Lampherepage 29 of naiveteMandy Watsonpage 30 The Geology of WaterfallsStephanie Kavanaughpage 31 GratitudeJeanette McCainpage 32 AnswersKim Hunterpage 33 Cornfield MeetDaniel G. Fitzgeraldpage 39https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1071/thumbnail.jp

The Vehicle, Spring 1997

Vol. 38, No. 2 Table of Contents Poetry: Don QuixotePatrick Scanlanpage 1 Last SupperChristine Starrpage 1 Marriage VowsKristopher Clausingpage 2 The LibraryPatrick Lairpage 4 GuruJohn Dylan McNeilpage 5 Tripping in OzKim Evanspage 5 TranceStephanie Kavanaughpage 6 The CleftEmilie Roypage 7 FlannelAmanda Watsonpage 8 Strip PokerEbben Moorepage 8 IceJohn Dylan McNeilpage 9 ChloeMichael Kawapage 11 OrchardCarmella Cosenzapage 12 Jenn & Cookie MonsterJacob Tolbertpage 13 Barry ManilowKatie Wrightpage 14 GoodbyesShannon Goodallpage 15 Prose: Alice (A Short, Short Story)Carmella Cosenzapage 17 UntitledJoe Robesonpage 17 A New World AloneKendall W. Baumanpage 22 Biographiespage 35https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1069/thumbnail.jp

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

Interleukin-6 inhibitors in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Stephanie Hennigan, Arthur KavanaughDivision of Rheumatology, Allergy, Immunology, The University of California, San Diego, CA, USAAbstract: Recent developments in understanding the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), combined with progress in biopharmaceutical development, have facilitated the introduction of novel immune modulating therapies for this progressive debilitating disorder. Efficacy achieved with certain agents, particularly the TNF inhibitors, has spurred the development of additional biologic agents targeting other components of the dysregulated immune response relevant to the etiology and sustenance of immune driven systemic inflammation characteristic of RA. Among these other potential targets is IL-6, a cytokine with effects on numerous cell types, including those involved in the pathogenesis of RA. Based on its activities, IL-6 appeared to be a viable target for autoimmune disease. Inhibitors of IL-6 were successful in animal models of autoimmune disease paving the way for subsequent studies in humans. The greatest experience to date has been with tocilizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody specific for the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R). Beginning with open label studies, and progressing through larger and more rigorous controlled trials, tocilizumab has been shown to have significant efficacy in patients with RA. Additional studies analyzing its effects in varied populations of RA patients, as well as greater detail concerning its longer-term tolerability and safety, will help define the ultimate role of tocilizumab and other future inhibitors of IL-6 activity as potential therapies for RA.Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis, IL-6, tocilizumab, biologic agent