Oxygen requirements in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children admitted in tertiary care hospital of North India

Background: Study was aimed to describe the oxygen requirements among children admitted as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study, from January 2021 to July 2021, in the pediatric ward of Indira Gandhi Medical College (IGMC), Shimla. Children admitted with a diagnosis of MIS-C were included. Data regarding socio-demographic factors and oxygen requirements were extracted and analyzed using Epi Info V7 software.Results: A total 31 children diagnosed as MIS-C were included. Tachypnea was present in 18 (58.1%) respiratory distress in 15 (48.4%). Optimal oxygen saturation (SpO2) more than 94% in 9 (25.8%), 93-94% in 8 (25.8%), 91-92% in 5 (16.1%), 86-90% in 2 (6.5%), 81-85% in 4 (12.9%), 75-80% in 1 (3.2%), 71-75% in 1 (3.2%) and <60% in 1 (3.2%). Oxygen at the rate of 2 l/min in 1 (3.2%), 3 l/min in 2 (6.5%), 4 l/min in 1 (3.2%), 5 l/min in 5 (16.1%) and 10 l/min in 9 (29.0%), was given through nasal prong in 1 (3.2%), Venturi mask in 3 (9.7%), NRM in 7 (22.6%) and mechanical ventilation in 7 (22.6%). Duration was for 2 days in 4 (12.9%), for 3 days in 7 (22.6%), for 4 days in 3 (9.7%), for 7 days in 1 (3.2%), for 10 days in 1 (3.2%), for 11 days in 1 (3.2%) and for 13 days in 1 (3.2%). Ventilatory support was given to 7 (22.6%), for 4 days in 2 (6.5%), for 7 days in 2 (6.5%), for 10 days in 1 (3.2%), for 11 days in 1 (3.2%) and for 13 days in 1 (3.2%).Conclusions: Oxygen is a crucial component of MIS-C therapy, children, observing a dip in SpO2 level should immediately start oxygen therapy

Perspectives on CCUS deployment on large scale in India: Insights for low carbon pathways

The energy and industrial sectors' most recent extraordinarily quick expansion has resulted in a substantial rise in stationary CO2 sources. As a result, many questions have been raised concerning how to stop global warming and implement methods to mitigate its effects by 2050 to create a low-carbon and sustainable future. Over the last three decades, India's CO2 emissions have increased at a growth rate of 3.1 % mainly consumption of fossil fuels. In this global and Indian situation, the best method, besides renewable energy sources, is Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), which will make it possible to achieve net-zero emissions targets within this century. Given this, a brief review and discussion that aims to study India's development in CCUS deployment and its importance for sustainable development were conducted. The review highlights the current energy scenario of India and the world, the CO2 increase trend, and its consequences globally. Furthermore, a brief discussion on the present status of several areas of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies have been done. To clearly define the maturity of each important component of the CCUS system with a commercialization direction route, we focused on determining the technological readiness level (TRL) from India's perspective. Further, we identified important data of different sizes from the biggest R&D schemes, policies, regulations and initiatives taken by the government across the country. Lastly, our study seeks to provide a guide for the successful implementation of CCUS in India

Pediatric cardiac surgery following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection: Early experience and lessons learnt

Background : We evaluated our early experience of cardiac procedures in children with congenital heart defects (CHD) after asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, to understand whether recent reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity had a negative impact on their postprocedural recovery and outcomes. Materials and Methods : In this retrospective observational study, all patients with CHD who underwent cardiac surgery or transcatheter intervention at our institution between March 2020 and June 2021 who were detected to have asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection on routine RT-PCR were included. Details of the cardiac procedure and postprocedural recovery were reviewed and compared with RT-PCR-negative patients who concurrently underwent similar cardiac surgeries or interventions at our center. Results : Thirteen patients underwent cardiac surgery after recent SARS-CoV-2 positivity after a mean interval of 25.4 ± 12.9 days. One patient expired with multiorgan dysfunction and systemic inflammatory response with elevated D-dimer, serum Ferritin, C-reactive protein, and significant ground-glass opacities on chest radiograph. Another patient developed spontaneous thrombosis of the infrarenal abdominal aorta, bilateral iliac arteries, and bilateral femoral veins, requiring low-molecular weight heparin postoperatively. This patient's postoperative recovery was also prolonged due to lung changes delaying extubation. All other patients had uneventful postprocedural recovery with intensive care unit and hospital stays comparable to non-SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Conclusions : From our early experience, we can surmise that an interval of 2–3 weeks after asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection is adequate to undertake elective or semi-elective pediatric cardiac surgeries. For patients requiring emergent cardiac surgery prior to this interval, there is potentially increased risk of inflammatory and/or thrombotic complications