Who owns the republic?

As popular protests rage across India, has Prime Minister Narendra Modi diverted his focus and energies away from the real issue facing India-the fragile state of the economy that can no longer be kept hidden, asks Ravinder Kaur (University of Copenhagen)

A Modified transmission Algorithm for Resolving Vehicle Routing Problem by Intelligent Water drop Algorithm

A comparison between two technologies ‘Swarm Intelligence’ and ‘Intelligent Water drops’ inorder to overcome the disadvantages of various technologies is an integral concern of this paper . It is nature inspired. IWD algorithm is used to calculate the solutions of the n-queen puzzle with a simple local heuristic. Water of the ocean river easily finds best way from the number of various ways available to reach from its starting to end point. The water drops that flows in rivers has optimal paths that have been obtained by the actions and reactions. With the help of modified IWD algorithm the traveling of salesman problem has also solved. So it is considered as NP-hard Polynomial.NP-hard (Non-deterministic Polynomial-time hard) is a class of problems that are informally,” at least as hard as the hardest problems in NP”. IWD is a fastest algorithm. It provides the minimum distance among the all options. Due to the collaboration of SI and IWD, this algorithm is more efficient. It includes the properties of both SI and IWD. This paper proposes IWD techniques to solve VRP

Human health risk assessment for heavy metals via intake of contaminated milk and milk products

The present study was conducted to assess the risk of human health against heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd) through the intake of milk and milk products produced by animals which are feeding the fodder produced by polluted irrigation water. The milk samples contained amounts of Fe (10.43 ppm) Cu (1.23 ppm), Mn(0.60 ppm ), Zn (2.32),Cr (0.05 ppm), Ni (0.17 ppm) Pb (0.28 ppm ) and Cd (0.13 ppm ) than MAL in buffaloes milk and Ni (0.16 ppm ) and Pb (0.41 ppm) than MAL in cow milk. The milk samples from the small animals (goat) were associated with only Fe (11.24ppm,), Zn (2.47 ppm ), Cr (0.07 ppm) and Pb (0.05 ppm) than maximum allowable limit. The hazardous quotient (HQ) indicated that milks from all types of animals were contaminated with metals. From the results the hazardous quotient (HQ) indicated that higher risk for Pb and Cd (>1) metals contamination in buffalo and cow milk. However HI (2 to 14) for all studied milk sample was found to be not safe. Females are at somewhat higher risk than males. This study projected a high multi-metal threat due to food chain contamination in the study area