CIT-5: a high-silica zeolite with 14-ring pores

The synthesis and structure of a new zeolite, CIT-5 (California Institute of Technology Number Five), is described, which possesses one-dimensional pores comprised of 14 T-atoms (tetrahedrally coordinated silicon or aluminium atoms)

Detection of HBs antigen in routine paraffin embedded liver tissue by enzyme-labelled antibody technique

HB surface antigen (HBs Ag) was detected using the enzyme-labelled antibody technique on routinely processed liver biopsy material fixed in Bouin's fixative and embedded in paraffin. Of 85 examined specimens, 45 cases were HBs Ag positive by both the immunofluorescent test and the enzyme labelled antibody technique. The remaining 40 cases were negative by both techniques. The specificity of HBs Ag detected by the enzyme-labelled antibody technique was confirmed by the blocking test using guinea pig specific HBs antibody. The results indicate that the enzyme-labelled antibody technique may be useful for detecting HBs Ag on routine paraffin sections.</p

<原著>培養軟骨細胞の分化機能発現と細胞増殖動態に関する実験的研究

The present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship among cell morphology, proliferation, and maturation of chondrocytes in primary cultures. Chondrocytes were isolated from the growth cartilages of the rat ribs and cultured for 6 days. In situ DNA cytofluorometry using an inverted epi-illumination cytofluorometer (Nikon P1-I) and 3H-thymidine autoradiography were carried out for the correlated analysis of cell morphology and proliferation. Cytoskeletal staining with fluorescent phalloidin and 35S-sulphate autoradiography were also performed. In addition, in situ hybridization to c-myc mRNA was carried out using DNA probe. According to the results obtained, the cultured chondrocytes were composed of mixed populations of large, polygonal cells and of small, round cells. The round cells showed a significantly higher 35S uptake than the polygonal cells. The cytoskeletal staining clearly revealed stress fibers in the cytoplasm of the polygonal cells, whereas only a fine filamentous structure was shown in the cytoplasm of the round cells. In situ DNA cytofluorometry clearly demonstrated that cell proliferative activity was high in the polygonal cells and low in the round cells. In addition, 3H-thymidine autoradiography with cumulative labeling method revealed that the polygonal cells were changing into the small, round cells. C myc mRNA signals were detected in the cytoplasm of over a half of the round cells, whereas no evidence of c-myc expression were found in the polygonal cells. From these results, it appears that as the shape of the cultured chondrocytes shifts from polygonal to round, the cell proliferative activity decreases in association with cell differentiation. It was also suggested that c-myc mRNA is amplified in the well differentiated round chondrocytes, and not in the proliferative polygonal cells.従来の培養軟骨細胞を用いた研究から, 軟骨細胞の形態と分化機能発現の聞には, 関連性のあることが示されている. 著者らは, 成長軟骨細胞の培養系において細胞形態, 機能が明らかに異なっている2種類の細胞が存在することを見いだした. 本研究では, この培養系を用い, 軟骨細胞の形態・細胞増殖動態・分化機能発現の3者の関連性を総合的に把握することを目的とした. このための方法論として, 細胞形態別増殖動態解析には, in situ DNA 顕微蛍光測光法と3_H-サイミジンオートラジオグラフィーを行い, 分化機能の検索には35_S オートラジオグラフィーを用いた. また, FITC-ファロイジン染色法により, 軟骨細胞の形態と細胞骨格の関係についても調べた. 更に, 本研究では, 悪性腫瘍以外に, 胎生期の細胞や分化途上の細胞にも出現し, 細胞の分化・増殖に深く関係があると考えられている c-myc 遺伝子の発現の有無を, in situ DNA- mRNA hybridization 法を用いて検索した. 実験には, ラット肋軟骨から分離・培養した成長軟骨細胞を用いた. 培養開始4 - 6日目頃の成長軟骨細胞は, 大型多角形の扁平な胞体を持ち, 大きな核を有する細胞(以下, 多角形細胞と略す)と, 比較的小型で類円形ないし球状の胞体と小さな核を有する細胞(以下, 円形細胞と略す)の2種類の細胞から構成されていた. in situ DNA 顕微蛍光測光法による細胞増殖動態解析の結果, 多角形細胞は, 活発な増殖性を示す2倍体細胞と少数の4倍体から構成されているのに対し, 円形細胞は, ほとんど増殖活性を持たない2倍体細胞から構成されていることが判った. 3_H-サイミジンの30分標識の結果から, 多角形細胞の標準率は11%, 円形細胞の標識率は0. 5%であり, その標識率の経時的変化はほとんど認められなかった. 3_H-サイミジンの持続標識実験の結果から, 多角形細胞が円形細胞に形態的に変化することが示唆された. また, 35_S オートラジオグラフィーより, 多角形細胞は, 軟骨基質の産生能が低く, 他方, 円形細胞では, 基質産生が亢進していることがわかった. FITC-ファロイジン染色によるアクチンの細胞内分布パタンを, 両細胞で比較したところ, 多角形細胞ではストレスファイバーがよく発達しているのに対し, 円形細胞には, 分断された線維性構造のみが観察された. 以上の結果をまとめると, 培養軟骨細胞の形態・増殖・分化の3者の間には, たがいに密接な関連が有り, 多角形細胞から円形細胞への形態変化に伴って, 増殖活性が低下し, 分化機能が発現されることが判明した. 次に, c-myc 遺伝子の発現の有無を in situ hybridization 法を用いて検索したところ, 円形細胞の過半数に, c-myc mRNA のシグナルが検出された. このことから, 軟骨細胞では, 分化機能発現と関連して c-myc 遺伝子が発現される可能性が示唆された

Detection of liver HBc antigen and its antibody in sera from viral hepatitis by the immunofluorescent complement technique

Hepatitis B core antigen (HBc Ag) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) were detected in the liver tissue of a patient with chronic aggressive hepatitis by the immunofluorescent complement technique. The presence of anti-HBc was examined by the same method in 67 human sera previously tested for HBs Ag, anti-HBs and s-GPT levels. HBc Ag was localized mainly in the nucleus and sometimes in the cytoplasm of the hepatic cells. HBs Ag was found only in the cytoplasm. The focal area of HBc Ag positive hepatic cells seemed to correspond to the HBs Ag positive cells. Double staining demonstrated the simultaneous presence of HBs Ag and HBc Ag in individual cells. Anti-HBc positive serum was found in 46 (68.7%) cases. Forty-eight (71.6%) indicated a combination of HBs Ag and anti-HBc.</p

Increase in Cytochorome c and a 11.9 kDa protein in Submerged Rice Seedlings after Exposure to Air

To examine the changes in cytocrome c content in submerged rice seedlings after exposure to air, antiserum was prepared against purified cytocrome c from rice bran. Western blottong analysis revealed that cytochrome c was detected 6 h after exposure to air, but not detected in submerged rice seedling. On a fresh weight basis, the same level of cytochrome c as that of the aerobic control was found in the 24-h-air adapted seedlings. judging from the high A408/A280 ratio (4.66),the cytochrome c preparation used as antigen was considered to be well purified. However, the antiserum reacted other several polypeptides. One of them reacted more strongly against the antisermu than cytochrome c and its molecular weight was estimated as 11.9 kDa. The polypeptide increased during air adaptation and the levels found in both submerged seedlings and aerobic control were lower than that in 24-h-air-adapted seedlings.イネ水中芽生えを空気に触れさせた後のチトクロムc含量の変動を調べるために、米ぬかから精製したチトクロムcを用いて抗チトクロムc血清を作成した。ウェスタンプロット分析によると、水中芽生えにはチトクロムcは検出されなかったが、空気に触れてから6時間以降に検出された。酸素適応24時間の芽生えには生重量あたりで好気対照と同レベルのチトクロムcが存在した。抗血清作成の抗原として用いたチトクロムc標品は、A408/A280比の値（4.66）が高いことから、よく精製されていると考えられるが、抗血清はいくつかの他のポリペプチドと反応した。そのうちの一つはチトクロムcよりも抗血清に強く反応し、その分子量は11.9kDaであった。このポリペプチドは酸素適応過程で増加し、水中芽生えや好気対照では24時間酸素適応芽生えよりも少なかった

Tsunami field survey of the 1992 Nicaragua earthquake

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95368/1/eost9614.pd

Silica-associated systemic lupus erythematosus with lupus nephritis and lupus pneumonitis A case report and a systematic review of the literature

Introduction Several epidemiological studies have shown that silica exposure triggers the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, the clinical characteristics of silica-associated SLE have not been well studied. Patient concerns A 67-year-old man with silicosis visited a primary hospital because of a fever and cough. His respiratory condition worsened, regardless of antibiotic medication, and he was referred to our hospital. Diagnosis The patient showed leukopenia, lymphopenia, serum creatinine elevation with proteinuria and hematuria, decreased serum C3 level, and was positive for anti-double stranded DNA antibody, anti-nuclear antibody, and direct Coombs test. He was diagnosed with SLE. Renal biopsy was performed, and the patient was diagnosed with lupus nephritis (class IV-G(A/C) + V defined by the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society classification). Computed tomography revealed acute interstitial pneumonitis, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed elevation of the lymphocyte fraction, and he was diagnosed with lupus pneumonitis. Interventions Prednisolone (50 mg/day) with intravenous cyclophosphamide (500 mg/body) were initiated. Outcomes The patient showed a favorable response to these therapies. He was discharged from our hospital and received outpatient care with prednisolone slowly tapered off. He had cytomegalovirus and herpes zoster virus infections during treatment, which healed with antiviral therapy. Review: We searched for the literature on sSLE, and selected 11 case reports and 2 population-based studies. The prevalence of SLE manifestations in sSLE patients were comparative to that of general SLE, particularly that of elderly-onset SLE. Our renal biopsy report and previous reports indicate that lupus nephritis of sSLE patients show as various histological patterns as those of general SLE patients. Among the twenty sSLE patients reported in the case articles, three patients developed lupus pneumonitis and two of them died of it. Moreover, two patients died of bacterial pneumonia, one developed aspergillus abscesses, one got pulmonary tuberculosis, and one developed lung cancer. Conclusion Close attention is needed, particularly for respiratory system events and infectious diseases, when treating patients with silica-associated SLE using immunosuppressive therapies

Existence of serum HBe antigen and expression of liver HB surface and core antigens in hepatitis type B patients.

A study of 52 liver biopsies (47 hepatitis type B and 5 asymptomatic carriers) was performed to clarify the roles of HBe antigen (HBeAg), HB surface antigen (HBsAg) and HB core antigen (HBcAg). In this study, the Gudat classification was modified so as to classify the patterns of HB antigens into six reaction types including: type O (negative for both liver HBsAg and liver HBcAg), type III-A (characterized by a spotty HBsAg pattern) and type III-B (characterized from a sub-lobular to lobular HBsAg localization pattern). This classification enabled accurate prediction of the prognosis of hepatitis. Patients with positive serum HBeAg had either minimal hepatitis with mild clinical features or chronic aggressive hepatitis with severe clinical features. Ten patients negative for both HBeAg and HBeAb were all positive for liver HBcAg. In all 3 patients on corticosteroid administrations liver tissue was markedly positive for HBcAg and serum was usually positive for HBeAb.</p

Strategies from Dramatherapy supervision to augment newly qualified secondary school teachers' experience of self-efficacy and coping strategies in their new role

This study aims to investigate if strategies from Dramatherapy supervision can augment newly qualified teachers’ (NQTs) experience of self-efficacy and coping strategies in their new role. This research study sets out to explore the growing necessity for a more specific form of reflective practice for two separate cohorts of NQTs n =10 (per group) over the course of two consecutive academic years. According to recent research, teacher turnover is more prevalent in disadvantaged urban schools as a result of contextual factors: ‘an increasing workload’, ‘school situation’, the ‘turbulent student-teacher classroom dynamics’, as well as the ‘conflicting agendas between teachers and educational reform’. The study’s theoretical framework draws from teacher education, psychodynamic theory and Dramatherapy supervision theory and practice, to help NQTs develop coping pathways for self-exploration and personal growth, to obtain an increased awareness of the social and emotional processes involved in teaching and learning and to manage both individual and contextual factors that influence their sense of efficacy in their new role as a teacher. The study uses mixed methods to ascertain the efficacy of strategies from Dramatherapy supervision. Quantitative outcome measures are employed to ascertain overall self-efficacy, coping strategies and job satisfaction. Interpretative phenomenological Analyses is used to analyse the qualitative findings amassed from the post-intervention interviews with the NQTs. Autoethnography is employed to bracket the researcher’s personal reflections on the fieldnotes and to study the process of change over time in three case studies, in relation to the NQTs’ sense of efficacy and coping skills. Conclusions drawn from the results highlight that methods from Dramatherapy supervision can be beneficial for developing NQTs’ self-awareness, deepening their understanding of the challenging interpersonal dynamics and providing them with a reflective ‘meditative’ space created through creative techniques. However, the success of these findings is dependent on a number of internal and external variables that influence the NQTs’ sense of efficacy. Recommendations for education include: addressing the impact that the target driven educational climate has on the emotional well-being of teachers and subsequently their pupils, implementing compulsory regular group reflection into teacher practice based on the intervention of ‘strategies from Dramatherapy supervision’ with particular focus on mode 2 of the double matrix model of supervision and embedding training in school communities about and how to be in relationships