Algebras for parameterised monads

Parameterised monads have the same relationship to adjunctions with parameters as monads do to adjunctions. In this paper, we investigate algebras for parameterised monads. We identify the Eilenberg-Moore category of algebras for parameterised monads and prove a generalisation of Beck’s theorem characterising this category. We demonstrate an application of this theory to the semantics of type and effect systems

Evaluation of the Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Sake Lees

Sake lees (SLs), produced from brewing Japanese Sake and known to be rich in yeast, is expected to be an alternative of feed protein sources for ruminants. Previous studies showed that yeast improved the digestibility of fibers in ruminants. However, the nutrient composition and the numbers of live and dead yeast in the SLs, have large diversity because of the different brewing materials and processes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical and biological characteristics of SLs with diverse brewing processes and storing periods (0-23 weeks). Seven types of SLs (SLs 1-7) were collected from two breweries. SLs 1, 2, 5 and 6 were made from liquefied rice under high-temperature saccharification method and SLs 3, 4 and 7 were made from steamed rice under general multiple parallel fermentation method. The crude protein (CP) contents of SLs from liquefied rice were higher than those from steamed rice (59.3-69.9% vs 32.8-51.4%DM). Ethanol concentrations were in the range of 6.1 to 11.2%FM in SLs 1-5. The numbers of live yeast (×104 CFU/ FM g) were ranged from 1,462 to 6,109 before storing, which dramatically decreased to 0-145 at 4 weeks’ storing at 4℃ in SLs 1-5. The numbers of dead yeast (×109 / FM g) were ranged from 0.7 to 3.0 before storing, which were stable during 4 weeks’ storing showing 0.5-4.6 in SLs 1-5. These results suggested that SLs, especially from liquefied rice, had high CP contents and substantial amounts of ethanol. The live yeast observed drastically disappeared, on the other hand, the numbers of dead yeast were stable under refrigeration. Further study is needed to evaluate the effect of supplementary SLs on digestibility in ruminants especially in roughage feeding condition

Large-Scale Numerical Evidence for Bose Condensation in the S=1 Antiferromagnetic Chain in a Strong Field

Using the recently proposed density matrix renormalization group technique we show that the magnons in the S=1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain effectively behaves as bosons that condense at a critical field h_c.Comment: 12 pages, REVTEX 3.0, 3 postscript figures appended, UBCTP-93-00

Haldane-gap excitations in the low-H_c 1-dimensional quantum antiferromagnet NDMAP

Inelastic neutron scattering on deuterated single-crystal samples is used to study Haldane-gap excitations in the new S=1 one-dimensional quantum antiferromagnet NDMAP, that was recently recognized as an ideal model system for high-field studies. The Haldane gap energies $\Delta_x=0.42$ meV, $\Delta_y=0.52$ meV and $\Delta_z=1.86$ meV, for excitations polarized along the a, b, and c crystallographic axes, respectively, are directly measured. The dispersion perpendicular to the chain axis c is studied, and extremely weak inter-chain coupling constants $J_y=1.8\cdot 10^{-3}$ meV and $J_x=3.5\cdot 10^{-4}$ meV, along the a and b axes, respectively, are determined. The results are discussed in the context of future experiments in high magnetic fields.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Universal Behavior of One-Dimensional Gapped Antiferromagnets in Staggered Magnetic Field

We study the properties of one-dimensional gapped Heisenberg antiferromagnets in the presence of an arbitrary strong staggered magnetic field. For these systems we predict a universal form for the staggered magnetization curve. This function, as well as the effect the staggered field has on the energy gaps in longitudinal and transversal excitation spectra, are determined from the universal form of the effective potential in O(3)-symmetric 1+1--dimensional field theory. Our theoretical findings are in excellent agreement with recent neutron scattering data on R_2 Ba Ni O_5 (R = magnetic rare earth) linear-chain mixed spin antiferromagnets.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure