Synthesized technical and socio-economic efficient evaluation of water quality improving devices and technologies: an example of the lake Kasumigaura Basin

In this study, we analyze an optimal policy and evaluate new devices and technologies to improve the water quality of Lake Kasumigaura, considering both - the total ecological system in and around the lake and the socio-economic situational changes over a certain period of time. The optimal policies are derived so as to maximize the objective function (GRP) subject to the structural equations, which describe both the ecosystem and socio-economic system.

An Optimal Investment Policy to Control the Land-based Water Pollutant into the Sea of Japan

Northeast Asia countries (e.g. around the Sea of Japan area) cooperate in economic and environmental policies, etc., because the comprehensive problems like the climate change and global warming occur in recent years. The ring Sea of Japan area consists of Japan, Republic of Korea, China, and Far East Russia in Northeast Asia, and the countries have to join forces in order to control the ocean environment and attain the sustainable development in the region. In this study, we try to evaluate the policy measure to control the land-based water pollutant into the Sea of Japan through a system simulation approach. The system simulation model is formulated a definition of an objective function and the structure of water pollutants inflow and the socio-economic system of the target countries and regions of the ring Sea of Japan. We present an optimal international policy for environmental investment taking account of economic situations and environmental influences of this area over a certain period of time through the dynamic simulation.

Human Activities of Costal Area and Land-Based Water Pollutant into the Sea of Japan

Ocean Polocy Research FoundationPromoting Environmental Pesearch in Pan-Japan Sea Area : Young Researchers\u27 Network, Schedule: March 8-10,2006,Kanazawa Excel Hotel Tokyu, Japan, Organized by: Kanazawa University 21st-Century COE Program, Environmental Monitoring and Prediction of Long- & Short- Term Dynamics of Pan-Japan Sea Area ; IICRC(Ishikawa International Cooperation Research Centre), Sponsors : Japan Sea Research ; UNU-IAS(United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies)+Ishikawa Prefecture Government ; City of Kanazaw

An Optimal Investment Policy to Control the Land-based Water Pollutant into the Sea of Japan

Northeast Asia countries (e.g. around the Sea of Japan area) cooperate in economic and environmental policies, etc., because the comprehensive problems like the climate change and global warming occur in recent years. The ring Sea of Japan area consists of Japan, Republic of Korea, China, and Far East Russia in Northeast Asia, and the countries have to join forces in order to control the ocean environment and attain the sustainable development in the region. In this study, we try to evaluate the policy measure to control the land-based water pollutant into the Sea of Japan through a system simulation approach. The system simulation model is formulated a definition of an objective function and the structure of water pollutants inflow and the socio-economic system of the target countries and regions of the ring Sea of Japan. We present an optimal international policy for environmental investment taking account of economic situations and environmental influences of this area over a certain period of time through the dynamic simulation

Synthesized technical and socio-economic efficient evaluation of water quality improving devices and technologies: an example of the lake Kasumigaura Basin

In this study, we analyze an optimal policy and evaluate new devices and technologies to improve the water quality of Lake Kasumigaura, considering both - the total ecological system in and around the lake and the socio-economic situational changes over a certain period of time. The optimal policies are derived so as to maximize the objective function (GRP) subject to the structural equations, which describe both the ecosystem and socio-economic system

Quantitative Evaluation of the Past Recycling-oriented Society in Japan: An Analysis of the Edo System in the Late 19th Century

This study focused on the Edo city and the basin of the Tokyo bay in the late 19th century. Edo is the former name of Tokyo, Japan, and was the central political city in the Edo period, which was from 1603 to 1868. In 1603 the Shogunate Government of Edo was formed, and the Edo period was ruled through a feudal system for all of its 265 years. Edo had over one million populations and high levels of consumption at the end of the Edo period, however, it is thought that the water environment of the city area and the Tokyo bay basin was unpolluted, and various and abundant marine resources had existed at that time. The reason is that the sustainable society was realized by means of the human wastes recycling system in the Edo society. In this study, we try to make a quantitative analysis of the "Edo system" from the viewpoint of the socio-economic and environmental aspects

A policy of demand-driven management for agricultural water use in Japan

To this day in Japan, the water supply service for agricultural use has been formed as the supply-driven system. In fact, the farmers can use the utilization volume of agricultural water and they have to pay the price of agricultural water fee decided by water supplier side. However, diverse functions are being desired to irrigation facilities in recent years, not only conventional water supply. Those include reflection of the farmers' various needs and provision of hydrophilic environment as typical examples. Thus agricultural water supply should be regarded as irrigation services and it is needed to consider requirements for providing desired services as well as efficient water distribution. Therefore, we made case study at Aichi-Yosui (Aichi Waterworks, Japan) by following processes: investigate the demands and potential needs of farmers about irrigation services, on it, grasp the agricultural conditions quantitatively from an economic viewpoint by such as estimation of the demand function. From the interview survey, it is observed that the rice farmers of Japan have diversity in management structure and sense of values. Besides, the model analysis based on the interview survey, there is a possibility to respond each farmer having own sense of values by introducing price fluctuation policy. That means, in the scenario of price fluctuation policy satisfied two different demands concurrently, increase of profit in profit seeking farmers and decrease of the cost in balanced and cost-containment farmers. Furthermore, it is notable that agricultural production costs and profit of the entire region were also increased in addition to the immediate benefits. It is suggested as the factors of them that the most efficient planting time were selected for each farmers since this system is a measure based on market principles compared to conventional systems. In addition, this system also expected to play the role that help small-scale farmers' farming activities that may go out of business due to constraints of capital and human resources. For future works, we believe that following two points are important, (1) To clarify the current situation and issues in agricultural water services via field studies, (2) To derive concrete measures and their effectiveness via simulation analysis such as Multi Agent System

Energy band bending induced charge accumulation at fullerene/bathocuproine heterojunction interface

The electronic properties of fullerene (C60)/bathocuproine (BCP)/Ag heterostructures were studied as a function of the BCP layer thickness by photoemission spectroscopy. For the thin BCP layer, the energy levels are flat and gap states exist at the interface. In contrast, energy band bending occurs at the C60/BCP interface when the BCP layer is thick, resulting in a considerable barrier for electron transport and therefore causing charge accumulation in organic solar cells. The results reveal that a thin BCP layer gives a much more favorable energy level structure and conform that charge accumulation is responsible to the anomalous current-voltage (I-V) curve