Effect of Cisternal Administration of Nicardipine Hydrochloride on Cerebral Vasospasm: A Preliminary Report

In six subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) cases due to aneurysmal rupture, effects of cisternal administration of Nicardipine hydrochloride (nicardipine) on vasospasm wer studied. Nicardipine is one of calcium antagonists. All aneurysms were clipped within 48 hr after the onset of SAH with ventricular and cisternal drainages. Subarachnoid clot was removed as much as possible. Nicardipine or mixture of nicardipine and urokinase was administered through cisternal drainage once a day for 10 days postoperatively. The dose of nicardipine was 2 mg or 4 mg, and that of urokinase was 6,000 units or 24,000 units. On the 7th day after the onset of SAH, angiograms were performed before and 30 min after the cisternal administration of nicardipine. Then the diameters of each arteries were compared in order to estimate the vasodilative effects of nicardipine angiographically. In this study nicardipine was considered to have some prophylactic effect on vasospasm because vasospasm was not observed either angiographically or clinically in 2 out of 3 severe SAH cases on CT

Chronic Subdural Hematoma Associated with External Decompression for Acute Traumatic Intracranial Hematoma: report of two cases

A report is presented on two cases of chronic subdural hematoma which occurred after craniotomy, removal of the hematoma and external decompression for traumatic intracranial hematoma. As for the pathogenesis of chronic subdural hematoma of these two cases, these chronic subdural hematomas were considered to have originated from the subdural collection of mixed fluid of cerebrospinal fluid and blood caused by tearing of the arachnoid on head injury or craniotomy in the space between the brain and dural plasty. Opening and irrigating the hematoma cavity proved adequate as treatment at cranioplasty

Spectral-Temporal Simulations of Internal Dissipation Models of Gamma-Ray Bursts

We present calculations of the time evolution of the prompt spectra of gamma-ray burst models involving generic internal dissipation regions, including internal shocks, either by itself or in the presence of an external photon source such as a photosphere. The method uses a newly developed time-dependent code involving synchrotron emission and absorption, inverse Compton scattering and pair formation. The models reproduce the typical observed Band spectra and their generic time evolution, including the appearance of an extra keV-GeV component, whose delay in simple SSC models, however, is only partially able to explain the several seconds observed GeV delays. On the other hand, models involving both a photosphere and an internal dissipation region at a larger radius produce both an extra GeV component and time delays which are in the range of the observations.Comment: 37 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

High energy electron observation by Polar Patrol Balloon flight in Antarctica

We accomplished a balloon observation of the high-energy cosmic-ray electrons in 10-1000GeV to reveal the origin and the acceleration mechanism. The observation was carried out for 13 days at an average altitude of 35km by the Polar Patrol Balloon (PPB) around Antarctica in January 2004. The detector is an imaging calorimeter composed of scintillating-fiber belts and plastic scintillation counters sandwiched between lead plates. The geometrical factor is about 600cm^2sr, and the total thickness of lead absorber is 9 radiation lengths. The performance of the detector has been confirmed by a test flight at the Sanriku Balloon Center and by an accelerator beam test using the CERN-SPS (Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN). The new telemetry system using the Iridium satellite, the power system supplied by solar panels and the automatic flight level control operated successfully during the flight. We collected 5.7×10^3 events over 100GeV, and selected the electron candidates by a preliminary data analysis of the shower images. We report here an outline of both detector and observation, and the first result of the electron energy spectrum over 100GeV obtained by an electronic counter

Novel quantitative immunohistochemical analysis for evaluating PD-L1 expression with phosphor-integrated dots for predicting the efficacy of patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

IntroductionProgrammed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in tumor tissues is measured as a predictor of the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in many cancer types. PD-L1 expression is evaluated by immunohistochemical staining using 3,3´-diaminobenzidine (DAB) chronogenesis (IHC-DAB); however, quantitative and reproducibility issues remain. We focused on a highly sensitive quantitative immunohistochemical method using phosphor-integrated dots (PIDs), which are fluorescent nanoparticles, and evaluated PD-L1 expression between the PID method and conventional DAB method.MethodsIn total, 155 patients with metastatic or recurrent cancer treated with ICIs were enrolled from four university hospitals. Tumor tissue specimens collected before treatment were subjected to immunohistochemical staining with both the PID and conventional DAB methods to evaluate PD-L1 protein expression.ResultsPD-L1 expression assessed using the PID and DAB methods was positively correlated. We quantified PD-L1 expression using the PID method and calculated PD-L1 PID scores. The PID score was significantly higher in the responder group than in the non-responder group. Survival analysis demonstrated that PD-L1 expression evaluated using the IHC-DAB method was not associated with progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS). Yet, PFS and OS were strikingly prolonged in the high PD-L1 PID score group.ConclusionQuantification of PD-L1 expression as a PID score was more effective in predicting the treatment efficacy and prognosis of patients with cancer treated with ICIs. The quantitative evaluation of PD-L1 expression using the PID method is a novel strategy for protein detection. It is highly significant that the PID method was able to identify a group of patients with a favorable prognosis who could not be identified by the conventional DAB method

Joint Observation of the Galactic Center with MAGIC and CTA-LST-1

MAGIC is a system of two Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs), designed to detect very-high-energy gamma rays, and is operating in stereoscopic mode since 2009 at the Observatorio del Roque de Los Muchachos in La Palma, Spain. In 2018, the prototype IACT of the Large-Sized Telescope (LST-1) for the Cherenkov Telescope Array, a next-generation ground-based gamma-ray observatory, was inaugurated at the same site, at a distance of approximately 100 meters from the MAGIC telescopes. Using joint observations between MAGIC and LST-1, we developed a dedicated analysis pipeline and established the threefold telescope system via software, achieving the highest sensitivity in the northern hemisphere. Based on this enhanced performance, MAGIC and LST-1 have been jointly and regularly observing the Galactic Center, a region of paramount importance and complexity for IACTs. In particular, the gamma-ray emission from the dynamical center of the Milky Way is under debate. Although previous measurements suggested that a supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* plays a primary role, its radiation mechanism remains unclear, mainly due to limited angular resolution and sensitivity. The enhanced sensitivity in our novel approach is thus expected to provide new insights into the question. We here present the current status of the data analysis for the Galactic Center joint MAGIC and LST-1 observations

MAGIC and H.E.S.S. detect VHE gamma rays from the blazar OT081 for the first time: a deep multiwavelength study

https://pos.sissa.it/395/815/pdfPublished versio

Research on inorganic activators of dibromo Co-terpyridine complex precatalyst for hydrosilylation

Dalton Transactions. 2022, 51 (48), P.18685-1869