Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease (Review)

Backgroun

Weaving the Strands of Life (Iiná Bitł’ool): History of Genetic Research Involving Navajo People

To date, some genetic studies offer medical benefits, but lack a clear pathway to benefit for people from underrepresented backgrounds. Historically Indigenous people, including the Diné (Navajo people), have raised concerns about the lack of benefits, misuse of DNA samples, lack of consultation, and ignoring cultural and traditional ways of knowing. Shortly after the Navajo Nation Human Research Review Board was established in 1996, the Navajo Nation recognized growing concerns about genetic research and established a moratorium on human genetic research studies in 2002. The moratorium effectively has protected their citizens from potential genetic research harms. Despite the placement of the moratorium, some genetic research studies have continued using blood and DNA samples from Navajo people. In order to understand the history of genetic research involving Navajo people, we conducted a literature review of 79 genetic or genetic-related research publications that involved Navajo people from the years 1925 to 2018. In this review, we divided the genetic research studies into the following general classifications: a) bacteria or virus genetics studies, b) blood and human leukocyte antigen, c) complex diseases, d) forensics, e) hereditary diseases, and f) population genetics and migration. We evaluated the methods for each study, described the number of Navajo individuals included in each study, recorded the academic or tribal approval statements, and noted whether the study considered Diné cultural values. Several studies focused on Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease, population history, neuropathy, albinism, eye and skin disorders that affect Navajo people. We found genetic research publications involving Navajo people spanning over the course of 93 years. To our knowledge, no known literature reviews have examined the history of genetic research in the Navajo community. In our Discussion, we contextualize Diné ways of knowing related to genetics and health with Western scientific concepts to acknowledge the complex philosophy and belief system that guides Diné people and recognizes Indigenous science. We encourage researchers consider cultural perspectives and traditional knowledge that has the potential to create stronger conclusions and better informed, ethical, and respectful science

The Grizzly, March 24, 1998

Several Students Opt for Alternative Spring Break • Doughty\u27s Text Book Published • The Role of Security on Campus • Jerry Springer and the Modern Day Freak Show • Baseball Goes 7-3 Over Spring Break • Women\u27s Lacrosse Gets Tune Up in Florida • Tennis Team Loses Opener at Albright • Men\u27s Lax Plays at Corestates • Vonnie Gros, Ursinus Legend Retires • Women\u27s Lax Settles for Tie Against Rowan • Baseball Wins Home Opener • Track & Fieldhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1417/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, April 21, 1998

Dr. Fagles Visits Ursinus • Student Art Exposition Coming Soon • Leadership Scholarship Reconstructed • Opinion: Intellectual Prejudice Leads to Social Darwinism • Final Exam Schedule • Beatlemania • Ursinus Gets the Blues • UC Women\u27s Lacrosse Team Defeats Two Big Conference Competitors • Unprecedented Day for Ursinus Tennis • Brindise to be Made Newest Coach of Quarterbacks • Ursinus Softball: Hopes for a Fourth Straight Title Fading Fast • Ursinus Track Fares Well Against Tough Competition • UC Baseball Round-up • Baseball Drops Key Series to Hopkins, Remains in 2nd Place in Conferencehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1420/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, February 2, 1998

Ursinus to Receive Grant • New Position Causes Concern • Students Remember Joe Hastings • Who\u27s Who at Ursinus • Volkmer Honored • Opinion: American Democracy Under Siege • Jim Fielder\u27s Return Postponed • Ursinus Contributor Dies • Field Hockey Academic All-Americans Honored • Athletic Honor Roll: Asper Pins Down First Player Profile • Bears Fight For Conference Lead • Flying High with Women\u27s Gymnastics • Disgruntled Swimmers Express Concerns About Pool Closinghttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1412/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, February 16, 1998

Clark Speaks at Unity House • History Candidate Gives Lecture • African Cultural Exhibit Displayed • Thompson Lectures at Unity House • Pilgrim Resigns After Over Two Decades • Opinion: Sex Scandal Continues; Ursinus Greek Life Equals Ursinus Social Life • Is the Bookstore a Rip Off? • Pearl Jam Yields • Bears Fall Short of Third Title • Ursinus Swimmers Gear Up for Championships • Mullan Hopeful for National Bid • Ursinus Women Moving Their Way to the Centennial Conference Playoffs • Cornish Honored • The Women\u27s Gymnastics Team Peaks Despite a Competitive Losshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1414/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, March 31, 1998

Thomas Recognized for Teaching Excellence • 15th Annual Airband Raises Close to $5,000 • Leadership Scholarships Discontinued • The Battle for The Bookstore • A...My Name is Alice, Ready to Take the Stage • Women\u27s Lax Earns First Win of the Season • Ursinus Falters Against College of New Jersey • Bishop Leads Ursinus to Victory in Opener • Track & Field: U.C. Invitational Ursinus Track Receives Christening • Softball Sweeps F&M in Twin Bill • U.C. Baseball Uses Offensive Burst to Down Delaware Valley • Women\u27s Tennis Suffers a Difficult Loss • Men\u27s Tennis Earns 1st Win • Men\u27s Lacrosse Drops Another • Ursinus\u27 Larkin Selected as All-Starhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1418/thumbnail.jp

Total Neoadjuvant Therapy With Short-Course Radiation: US Experience of a Neoadjuvant Rectal Cancer Therapy

BACKGROUND: Short-course radiation followed by chemotherapy as total neoadjuvant therapy has been investigated primarily in Europe and Australia with increasing global acceptance. There are limited data on this regimen\u27s use in the United States, however, potentially delaying implementation. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare clinical performance and oncologic outcomes of 2 rectal cancer neoadjuvant treatment modalities: short-course total neoadjuvant therapy versus standard chemoradiation. DESIGN: This is a retrospective cohort study. SETTING: This study was performed at a National Cancer Institute-designated cancer center. PATIENTS: A total of 413 patients had locally advanced rectal cancers diagnosed from June 2009 to May 2018 and received either short-course total neoadjuvant therapy or standard chemoradiation. INTERVENTIONS: There were 187 patients treated with short-course total neoadjuvant therapy (5 × 5 Gy radiation followed by consolidation oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy) compared with 226 chemoradiation recipients (approximately 50.4 Gy radiation in 28 fractions with concurrent fluorouracil equivalent). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary end points were tumor downstaging, measured by complete response and low neoadjuvant rectal score rates, and progression-free survival. Secondary analyses included treatment characteristics and completion, sphincter preservation, and recurrence rates. RESULTS: Short-course total neoadjuvant therapy was associated with higher rates of complete response (26.2% vs 17.3%; p = 0.03) and low neoadjuvant rectal scores (40.1% vs 25.7%; p \u3c 0.01) despite a higher burden of node-positive disease (78.6% vs 68.9%; p = 0.03). Short-course recipients also completed trimodal treatment more frequently (88.4% vs 50.4%; p \u3c 0.01) and had fewer months with temporary stomas (4.8 vs 7.0; p \u3c 0.01). Both regimens achieved comparable local control (local recurrence: 2.7% short-course total neoadjuvant therapy vs 2.2% chemoradiation, p = 0.76) and 2-year progression-free survival (88.2% short-course total neoadjuvant therapy (95% CI, 82.9-93.5) vs 85.6% chemoradiation (95% CI, 80.5-90.7)). LIMITATIONS: Retrospective design, unbalanced disease severity, and variable dosing of neoadjuvant consolidation chemotherapy were limitations of this study. CONCLUSIONS: Short-course total neoadjuvant therapy was associated with improved downstaging and similar progression-free survival compared with chemoradiation. These results were achieved with shortened radiation courses, improved treatment completion, and less time with diverting ostomies. Short-course total neoadjuvant therapy is an optimal regimen for locally advanced rectal cancer

The Grizzly, March 2, 1998

Ursinus Offers Free Practice GRE Exam to Students • Eating Disorder Screening Offered at Wellness • A Meeting Educates UC • Texas Winners Tell All • Letters to the Editor: Greeks Respond to Rudolfs Article; Response to New Bookstore • A Tribe Called Graffiti • Safety Issues Crossing Main Street • Gross Honored in Who\u27s Who • Sexual Assault Awareness Week • Outdoor Adventure Club Comes to Ursinus • Bears Run Into a Wall at Hopkins • Solid Performance at Championships for UC Swimming • Indoor Track Championships • Tribute to the Unsung Hero • USA D-III Mardi Gras All-Star Classic • UC Gymnasts Headed All the Way to the Tophttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1416/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, February 9, 1998

Privacy Invaded at Centennial Conference College • Changing Homecoming • Mother Courage Takes the Stage • Wismer Center to Receive Renovations with New Bookstore • Letters to the Editor • Journalist Visits Ursinus • Greeks Help a Special Friend • Ursinus Faculty Remembers When... • Jazzing up the Curriculum • Ladies\u27 Night for UC Swimming • Women\u27s Basketball Holds Off Muhlenberg • Barrett Looks to Guide Bears to Playoffs • Bears Stumble but Remain in Playoff Hunt • Ursinus Gymnasts Consistent Through Tough Competition • Wrestlers Suffer Second Loss of Seasonhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1413/thumbnail.jp