Television’s Media Archaeology. Present State and Possible Directions

https://manifold.umn.edu/read/cc-frame-005-television-media-archaeology/section/23f39021-f1b1-411f-a248-b48b5b3796f

Does One Design Fit All? On The Transferability Of The PJM Market Design To The German Electricity Market

Germany’s nuclear phase out and an increasing share of fluctuating RES production amplifies the North-South congestion problem in the German electricity grid. But congestion management becomes a serious issue not only in the German but in the whole European electricity system as German wind production does not only affect the German grid. In theory it is well established that nodal pricing is the most efficient congestion management method. In literature the PJM well-established nodal market design often serves as a reference and is viewed as benchmark. To benefit from experiences made in the U.S. the transfer of the PJM market design to Germany could be advantageous. This article compares key elements of the generation mix, the network structure, the cross-border interconnection as well as the congestion situation of both electricity markets to assess potentials and impediments for an implementation of the PJM nodal market design in Germany. We show that both markets are less different in structure than expected but that large differences in performance respectively in congestion frequency lead probably to much lower welfare gains. Transfer of the PJM market design to Germany is possible in principle, but adjustments to RES would be advantageous

Television before TV

Television before TV rethinks the history of interwar television by exploring the medium’s numerous demonstrations organized at national fairs and international exhibitions in the late 1920s and 1930s. Building upon extensive archival research in Britain, Germany, and the United States, Anne-Katrin Weber analyses the sites where the new medium met its first audiences. She argues that public displays were central to television’s social construction; for the historian, the exhibitions therefore constitute crucial events to understand not only the medium’s pre-war emergence, but also its subsequent domestication in the post-war years. Designed as a transnational study, her book highlights the multiple circulations of artefacts and ideas across borders of democratic and totalitarian regimes alike. Richly illustrated with 100 photographs, Weber finally emphasizes that even without regular programmes, interwar television was widely seen

Searching for the FED's reaction function

There is still some doubt about those economic variables that really matter for the FED's decisions. In comparison to other estimations, this study uses the approach of Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA). The estimations show that over the long run inflation, unemployment rates, and long-term interest rates are the crucial variables in explaining the Federal Funds Rate. In the other two estimation samples, also the federal deficit and M2 were of relevance. In addition, we present the best models in more detail. Finally, a model average is constructed via BMA. The model average substantially outperforms a simple Taylor rule

100 Jahre Federal Reserve System

In diesem Jahr feiert der Federal Reserve Act sein 100-jähriges Bestehen. Mit der Zustimmung des Kongresses trat er am 23.12.1913 in Kraft. Damit entstand das Federal Reserve System (Fed), das global größte und wichtigste Zentralbanksystem und damit zugleich Vorbild und Anker für andere Zentralbanken. Die Autoren geben eine Übersicht über seine Entstehung und Weiterentwicklung und würdigen seine Rolle kritisch.The Federal Reserve System (Fed) was created in December 1913 when the Federal Reserve Act was signed. Since then, the Fed has become the most influential central bank in the world. This article gives an overview of the Fed's history and its structure before evaluating the Fed's monetary policy over the last 100 years. The main findings are that the last 100 years have shown that a central bank is useful for solving economic problems but that sometimes the central bank has created its own problems

An integrated approach to model redispatch and to assess potential benefits from market splitting in Germany

Future congestion management is one of the major market design issues in the European electricity market. In the light of the sharp increase in redispatch measures seen within the last years, the importance of an efficient management of network congestion increases particularly in Germany. Against this background, we develop an integrated approach to model (re)dispatch for Germany in detail while considering interactions with neighbouring countries. Compared to 2011, our findings indicate a much more critical network situation in Germany for 2015. We identify increased RES production, resulting imports and exports, delays in grid extension and the impacts of the nuclear phase-out (leading to an amplified north-south congestion problem) as main drivers for the nearly doubling of redispatch volumes in 2015. We show that market splitting can potentially contribute to a secure grid operation and leads to a significant reduction of redispatch volumes (59%) according our model calculations. We state that market splitting can of course not be the ‘one and only solution’ but an interim approach to manage upcoming congestion in Germany in times when grid expansion has not yet been completed and that the implementation of market splitting can also serve as an alternative to grid extension within less congested areas

Impacts of Res-Generation and Demand Pattern on Net Transfer Capatity: Implications for Effectiveness of Market Splitting in Germany

For the further development of an integrated European electricity market, congestion management mechanisms are one of the major market design issues. Against the background of increasing generation from RES and resulting congestions, an efficient management of network congestions is gaining importance especially in Germany. Introducing nodal pricing as the first best mechanism is not considered to be realistic for Germany in the nearer future. Yet the splitting of the German electricity market into several market zones will also improve congestion management. A key issue in the so-called market splitting is the determination of the net transfer capacity (NTC) between the market zones as it determines the effectiveness of market splitting as congestion management mechanism. We therefore develop an integrated approach to incorporate the effects of renewables feed-in, load pattern and cross border flows on NTCs. We conclude that the NTCs strongly depend on RES infeed and that this effect has to be considered when modelling alternative congestion management mechanisms like market splitting

Multiple Timescale Feature Combination towards Robust Speech Recognition

While a lot of progress has been made during the last years in the field of Automatic Speech recognition (ASR), one of the main remaining problems is that of robustness. Typically, state-of-the-art ASR systems work very efficiently in well-defined environments, e.g. for clean speech or known noise conditions. However, their performance degrades drastically under different conditions. Many approaches have been developed to circumvent this problem, ranging from noise cancellation to system adaptation techniques. This paper investigates the influence of using additional information from relatively long timescales to noise robustness. The multiple timescale feature combination approach is introduced. Experiments show that, while maintaining recognition performance for clean speech, robustness could be improved in noisy conditions