Delta Number, Dd, of Dendrimers

General formulas for the calculation of a novel Wiener-type number, D", ,1 in regular dendrimers are proposed. They are derived on the basis of the novel matrix DL! ,1 by using progressive vertex degrees and orbit numberse as parameters. Relations of D", with the well known Wiener.i\u27 W, and hyper-Wiener,? WW, numbers, and a new relation (based on the Dp matrix-) for estimating WW in dendrimers are also given

National and supranational identities and ingroup-outgroup attitudes of Hungarian adolescents

Although there is an extensive literature on children’s national identities and attitudes, relatively less research in this area has come from beyond Western Europe. This study examined Hungarian adolescents’ national/Hungarian and supranational/European identities and attitudes towards the ingroup and outgroups. One hundred and sixty-six adolescents aged 13–18 years completed measures on relative importance of self-descriptors, strength of identification, and affect for, and trait attributions to, Hungarians and three salient outgroups (Romanians, Russians and Americans). Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured by the Family Affluence Scale. Results showed that Hungarian was the most important self-descriptor compared with gender, age and European, but clear age, gender and SES variations were identified. 13–15 year-olds reported stronger European identification than 16–18 year-olds. Lower- to middle-SES, but not higher-SES, adolescents showed stronger Hungarian vs. European identification. Lower-SES adolescents liked all outgroups less than Hungarians, but middle- and higher-SES ones liked Hungarians and Americans more than Russians and Romanians. Still, Romanians were stereotyped less positively than all other outgroups regardless of socio-demographics. These findings are discussed drawing on social-psychological and developmental literature alongside Hungary’s sociohistorical backdrop. Despite Hungary’s ethnic homogeneity, its young's national identities and attitudes can vary due to differing experiences related to socio-demographic backgrounds

Molecular Topology 22.1 Novel Connectivity Descriptors Based on Walk Degrees

An algorithm for generating novel connectivity topological descriptors, denoted SP (subgraph property), is proposed and exemplified for P being the number of vertices N, walk degree wt\u27e), Randić index X, and Wiener index W. SP indices based on wt\u27e) and x wt\u27e) (Razinger\u27s extension of x index) are tested for correlation with some physico-chemical properties of octane isomers

Detour and Cluj-Detour Indices

Recently proposed Cluj matrices: the Cluj-distance matrix and the Cluj-detour matrix are reviewed. New Harary-type indices on the detour and Cluj-detour matrices are defined. Additionally, the formulae for calculating these indices of cycles are derived. Modeling of boiling points for a set of 32 acyclic and cyclic octanes using Cluj indices and their Harary counterparts is presented. The best structure-boiling point relationships are obtained by means of the multiple linear regression using either combinations of two reciprocal paths numbers (1/p2, 1/p3) and detour and hyper-detour indices or a combination of the same two reciprocal path numbers and Harary indices derived from the edge-defined and path-defined Cluj matrices

Synthesis of Novel Aromatic Core Zero Generation Dendrimers

Bromomethyl arenes used as polyfunctional core of dendrimers were derivatized with diethanolamine branches. The obtained compounds containing 4 or 6 hydroxyl terminal surface groups are highly water-soluble

Szeged Fragmental Indices

Novel Szeged indices, defined on unsymmetric matrices, which collect various fragmental topological properties, are proposed. They are illustrated on selected graphs possessing heteroatoms, multiple bonds and stereoisomers. Correlations on organic structures with herbicidal activity and explosive properties support the usefulness of these newly proposed indices

IP3 receptor isoforms differently regulate ER-mitochondrial contacts and local calcium transfer

Contact sites of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria locally convey calcium signals between the IP3 receptors (IP3R) and the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, and are central to cell survival. It remains unclear whether IP3Rs also have a structural role in contact formation and whether the different IP3R isoforms have redundant functions. Using an IP3R-deficient cell model rescued with each of the three IP3R isoforms and an array of super-resolution and ultrastructural approaches we demonstrate that IP3Rs are required for maintaining ER-mitochondrial contacts. This role is independent of calcium fluxes. We also show that, while each isoform can support contacts, type 2 IP3R is the most effective in delivering calcium to the mitochondria. Thus, these studies reveal a non-canonical, structural role for the IP3Rs and direct attention towards the type 2 IP3R that was previously neglected in the context of ER-mitochondrial calcium signaling