Type 2 diabetes and its correlates in a first nationwide study among Cypriot adults

© 2017 Primary Care Diabetes Europe Obesity rates in Cyprus are very high and epidemiological information on type 2 diabetes mellitus is limited. The correlates of type 2 diabetes among adults remain unknown in the Cypriot population. Thus, the purpose of this study is to provide the first national estimate of the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and investigate its correlates. A randomly stratified nationally sample of 1001 adults aged 18–80 participated in the study. Only 950 subjects completed the study. All subjects were free of any diseases (known diabetes, kidney, liver), medication and supplementation. The overall prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes based on WHO criteria was 9.2% and 16.3%, respectively. After adjusting for age, energy intake, smoking and physical activity participants with obesity (BMI) (OR = 2.00, P \u3c 0.001), waist circumference (WC) (OR = 2.08, P \u3c 0.001), hypertension (HT) (OR = 1.99, P \u3c 0.001) and hypercholesterolemia (HC) (OR = 2.07, P \u3c 0.007) were most likely to develop T2DM compared with the normal ones. The odds of having diabetes were also found significant between subjects with high levels of triglycerides (TG) (OR = 1.49, P \u3c 0.007), compared with the normal ones and between subjects with low levels of HDL (OR = 1.44, P \u3c 0.008) compared with the ones with high levels of HDL. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Cyprus is relatively medium–high. However, the pre-diabetes rates are very high showing a promising increase toward total rates of type 2 diabetes. Obesity, HT, WC, TG, HC and low HDL are all strong correlates of type 2 diabetes. Healthy education programs should be initiated for young and older-aged people and those with described abnormal risk factors

Non-HDL and triglycerides are independently associated with anthropometrical indices in a cypriot population of healthy adults

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing all over the world and is accompanied by multiple cardiovascular risk factors. Anthropometrical indices are closely related with traditional cardiovascular risk factors. However, data is limited in healthy adults from Cyprus. AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of different cardiovascular risk factors with anthropometrical indices in a healthy Cypriot population aged 18-80y. RESULTS: Age, Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference and Body Fat were positively correlated with SBP, DBP and Non-HDL in both sexes. In multiple regression analysis, BMI, WC and TBF were found to be independently associated with TG in the female group, (Beta: 0.009, %95 CI: 0.001-0.018, P\u3c0.033), (Beta: 0.005, %95 CI: 0.002-0.008, P\u3c0.01), (Beta: 0.003, %95 CI: 0.001-0.007, P\u3c0.046), respectively. In the male group, age and BMI were the only variables that have been found to be independently associated with Non-HDL (Beta: 0.527, %95 CI: 0.209- 0845, P\u3c0.01), (Beta: 0544, %95 CI: 0.44-1.045, P\u3c0.033), respectively. CONLUSION: Non-HDL and triglycerides seem to be independently associated with various anthropometrical indexes. Public health awareness and nutrition education are needed in order to monitor these CV factors

Association of IMWG frailty score with health-related quality of life profile of patients with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma in Italy and the UK: a GIMEMA, multicentre, cross-sectional study

Background The clinical management of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma is challenging and there is a paucity of tools to help clinicians make more informed decisions for the most suitable treatment options. We aimed to investigate the clinical utility of the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) frailty score in the setting of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, by examining its ability to capture different patient-reported health-related quality of life profiles. Methods We did a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective observational study of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma in Italy and the UK (30 hospitals across northern, central, and southern Italy, and one hospital in London, UK). Inclusion criteria were age 18 years or older and patients who had received at least one previous line of therapy and no more than five lines. Participants were excluded if they had a psychiatric disorder or major cognitive dysfunction, or any grade 3 or higher adverse event within 2 weeks before study entry. On study initiation, physicians had to assess frailty according to the IMWG criteria, which included the Charlson Comorbidity Index, the Katz Activity of Daily Living, and the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Patients were asked to complete patient-reported outcome measures, including the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and its validated multiple myeloma module (QLQ-MY20). A multivariable linear regression model was used to assess the mean differences in health-related quality of life scores between frailty groups to account for key potential confounding factors. Findings Overall, between Nov 13, 2017, and Nov 15, 2021, 415 patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, with a median age of 69 center dot 8 years (IQR 62 center dot 8-75 center dot 2) were enrolled. The median time since diagnosis was 4 center dot 4 years (IQR 2 center dot 5-7 center dot 1) and most patients (351 [85%]) had received at least two previous lines of therapy. According to the IMWG frailty score, 200 (48%) were classified as fit, 112 (27%) were classified as intermediate-fit, and 103 (25%) patients were classified as frail. Each frailty group was associated with a distinct health-related quality of life profile, with most notable differences between fit and frail patients. The largest clinically meaningful adjusted differences between fit and frail patients by the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire were observed for physical functioning (Delta=-19 center dot 0 [95% CI -25 center dot 6 to -12 center dot 5; p<0 center dot 0001), fatigue (Delta=16 center dot 7 [9 center dot 7 to 23 center dot 7]; p<0 center dot 0001), insomnia (Delta=13 center dot 4 [4 center dot 1 to 22 center dot 6]; p=0 center dot 0047), and dyspnoea (Delta=12 center dot 5 [4 center dot 6 to 20 center dot 4]; p=0 center dot 0021). The most prevalent clinically important symptom in the overall population was pain; however, its prevalence varied between IMWG frailty groups at 70 center dot 9% in frail patients, 55 center dot 9% in intermediate-fit patients, and 50 center dot 5% in fit patients. Interpretation Our findings show the clinical utility of the IMWG frailty score in the setting of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, in helping to distinguish between groups of patients with distinct health-related quality of life profiles. Further research is needed to examine the value of patient-reported outcome data in improving assessment of frailty in the setting of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma