ASPECTOS SOCIODEMOGRÁFICOS E CLÍNICOS DE ESTOMIZADOS INTESTINAIS PROVISÓRIOS

RESUMO O estudo objetivou caracterizar aspectos sociodemográficos e clínicos das pessoas com estomia intestinal provisória atendidas por um serviço de atenção ao estomizado. Trata-se de estudo transversal, de natureza quantitativa, com 117 pessoas com estomia intestinal provisória. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de revisão de prontuário e entrevista estruturada. Houve prevalência do sexo masculino (54,7%), idade média de 62,9 anos, 59,8% casados, 74,4% católicos, 70,9% com até oito anos de estudo, 52,9% exerciam atividade laboral remunerada; destes, 51,3% interromperam suas atividades laborais e 44,4% não retornaram, com afastamento pela previdência. Dos 57 (48,7%) que não interromperam as atividades laborais 33,3% eram aposentados, 13,6% exerciam atividade não remunerada e 1,7% era autônomo sem direito a afastamento. A maioria possuía renda familiar até dois salários mínimos (67,5%). A neoplasia predominou como causa de confecção da estomia (47,9%), seguida pelo abdome agudo (31,6%). As colostomias foram mais frequentes (75,2%); a permanência da estomia foi, em média, de 5,3 anos (tempo mínimo de seis meses e máximo 25 anos). Concluiu-se que o conhecimento das características da população atendida contribui para o planejamento da assistência conforme as reais necessidades da mesma, possibilitando mais efetividade do serviço e, consequentemente, melhora na satisfação do usuário

Opportunistic infections among individuals with HIV-1/AIDS in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era at a Quaternary Level Care Teaching Hospital

INTRODUCTION : In this study, clinical-laboratory and epidemiological characteristics are described for a group of 700 individuals with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) in the ART (antiretroviral therapy) era at a teaching hospital that provides a quaternary level of care, with an emphasis on opportunistic infections (OIs), co-infections and immune profile. METHODS : A retrospective cross-sectional study of AIDS cases was conducted from 1998 to 2008 by reviewing medical records from the Base Hospital/FUNFARME (Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. RESULTS: The individuals were 14 to 75 years of age, and 458 were males. Heterosexuals accounted for 31.1% of all patients. Eighty-three percent were on ART, and 33.8% of those presented difficulties with treatment adherence. OIs were analyzed from medical records, and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia was the most prevalent, regardless of the LTCD4+ (TCD4+ Lymphocytes) levels. Individuals whose viral loads were ≥10,000 showed a 90% greater chance of neurotoxoplasmosis. For P. jiroveci pneumonia, neurotoxoplasmosis, esophageal candidiasis, pulmonary tuberculosis and neurocryptococcosis, the chances of infection were higher among patients with LTCD4+ levels below 200 cells/mm3. HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV/hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infections were significantly associated with death. CONCLUSIONS : OIs remain frequent in the ART era even in populations where the access to medical care is considered satisfactory

Enteric parasites in HIV-1/AIDS-infected patients from a Northwestern São Paulo reference unit in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era

INTRODUCTION: We describe the epidemiology of intestinal parasites in patients from an AIDS reference service in Northeastern São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Retrospective evaluation was done for all HIV-1/AIDS-positive patients whose Hospital de Base/São José do Rio Preto laboratorial analysis was positive for enteroparasites after diagnosis of HIV-1 infection, from January 1998 to December 2008. Statistical analysis was performed using the R statistical software version 2.4.1. The level of significance adopted was 5%. RESULTS: The most frequent protozoan was Isospora belli (4.2%), followed by Giardia lamblia (3.5%), Entamoeba coli (2.8%), and Cryptosporidium parvum (0.3%). Ancylostoma duodenale (1.4%) was the most frequently detected helminth, while Taenia saginata and Strongiloides stercoralis were found in 0.7% of the samples. The results showed that diarrhea was significantly associated with giardiasis and isosporiasis. However, no association was observed between CD4+ cell counts, viral load, and the characteristics of any particular parasite. CONCLUSIONS: Our data may be useful for further comparisons with other Brazilian regions and other developing countries. The data may also provide important clues toward improving the understanding, prevention, and control of enteric parasites around the world