Characteristics of studies included in the review (by author) for descriptive studies.

<p>¹ Duration of drug regimen in days not given for household surveys;</p><p>² See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0084555#pone-0084555-t004" target="_blank">Table 4</a> for definitions of approaches;</p><p>³ Not incorporated into approach to assessing adherence.</p

Characteristics of studies included in the review (by author) for studies with clinical outcomes which also report adherence.

<p>¹ Duration of drug regimen in days not given for household surveys;</p><p>² See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0084555#pone-0084555-t004" target="_blank">Table 4</a> for definitions;</p><p>³ Not incorporated into adherence definition</p

Percentage of patients classified as adherent, by Approach to assessing adherence.

<p>Percentage of patients classified as adherent, by Approach to assessing adherence.</p

Approaches to assessing patient adherence across studies.

<p>¹ All studies are included if adherence is reported by at least one of these five approaches (n = 52 studies) and are included more than once if multiple approaches were used.</p

Literature search results.

<p>Literature search results.</p

Timely completion by self-report and smart blister packs¹ (percent (number)).

<p>¹55 patients were excluded from this analysis because data on timing of each actual dose were not possible to assess for self-report for 18 patients and for smart blister pack data for 37 patients.</p><p>²“Actual doses” refers to pills actually taken together, including pills that were not grouped together, or a different number than specified for the intended dose. Pills administered at least 30 minutes apart from each other were considered different actual doses.</p><p>³ By self-report, number of pills taken missing for one dose for 2 patients for the 1x6 pack, 1 patient for the 2x6 pack, and 8 patients for the 4x6 pack.</p><p>⁴ By self-report, time of taking one or more doses missing for 24 patients for the 1x6 pack, 12 patients for the 2x6 pack, 2 patients for the 3x6 pack, and 20 patients for the 4x6 pack.</p><p>⁵By smart blister pack data, no patients who completed treatment and took more than six actual doses took the first six at the correct intervals.</p><p>⁶ For all patients (total columns) the odds ratio for timely completion by smart blister pack vs. self-report was 0.36, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.42; p<0.0001.</p><p>Timely completion by self-report and smart blister packs<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0134275#t003fn001" target="_blank">¹</a> (percent (number)).</p

Flow chart of patients included in analysis.

<p>Flow chart of patients included in analysis.</p

Number of actual doses taken by self-report and smart blister packs^1–3.

<p>¹55 patients were excluded from this analysis because data on timing of each actual dose were not possible to assess for self-report for 18 patients and for smart blister pack data for 37 patients. ²“Actual doses” refers to pills actually taken together, including pills that were not grouped together, or a different number than specified for the intended dose. Pills administered at least 30 minutes apart from each other were considered different actual doses. ³By self-report, patients were asked only about each of the six intended doses.</p

Completed treatment by self-report and smart blister packs.

<p>¹An odds ratio for the effect of measurement method on completed treatment could not be calculated because there were zero patients who reported completing treatment but did not complete treatment by smart blister pack data.</p><p>Completed treatment by self-report and smart blister packs.</p

Timely completion for each actual dose and cumulatively¹.

<p>¹55 patients were excluded from this analysis because data on timing of each actual dose were not possible to assess for self-report for 18 patients and for smart blister pack data for 37 patients.</p