Mean Exploratory Errors and Rule Break Errors (with Standard Errors) over five learning trials of the Groton Maze Learning Test in Healthy Controls versus aMCI groups.

<p>Mean Exploratory Errors and Rule Break Errors (with Standard Errors) over five learning trials of the Groton Maze Learning Test in Healthy Controls versus aMCI groups.</p

The Groton Maze Learning Test: Stimulus and Examples of Error Types.

<p>Tiles shaded in gray represent one of the hidden maze pathways on the GMLT; numbers indicate order of moves for a sample participant; Move 2 to 3 (shown in black): exploratory error; Move 3 to 4 (shown in red): rule-break error (tapping on same tile twice); Move 8 to 9 (shown in green): perseverative error; Move 12 to 13 (shown in grey): rule break error (not moving back to the last correct tile); Move 16 to 17 (shown in blue): rule break error (no moving diagonally); Move 20 to 21 (shown in purple): rule break error (moving backwards along the maze).</p

Demographic characteristics of healthy elderly and aMCI groups.

<p><i>Note</i>: aMCI = Mild cognitive impairment-amnestic subtype; SD = standard deviation.</p><p>*Groups differ, p<.05.</p

Neuropsychological tests used to classify Healthy Elderly and aMCI groups.

<p>*Groups differ, p<.05, +aMCI group impaired (mean performance more than 1 SD below healthy elderly mean performance), SD = standard deviation, aMCI = Amnestic mild cognitive impairment.</p

Means and standard errors for Groton Maze Learning Test (GMLT) outcome measures in Healthy Elderly and aMCI groups.

<p>Note: Values adjusted for age, sex, and timed chase test scores.</p><p>*Groups differ, p<.05, aMCI = amnestic mild cognitive impairment.</p