Time-at-risk for late recurrent TB.

<p>The diagram depicts times related to treatment initiation and completion that define time-at-risk and time-not-at-risk for late recurrent TB.</p

Study population, 1993–2007.

<p>The figure shows the classification of patients in the study and the inclusion criteria. TB patients included those who were alive at TB diagnosis with culture-positive, pulmonary TB (in both episodes for recurrent TB patients), and, had completed anti-TB therapy. Patients were excluded if initial isoniazid or rifampin drug susceptibility test results were not documented, or, if the date of treatment completion or date of initiation of treatment for a second TB episode was not documented. Percentages were calculated using the previous group (previous box) as the denominator. One hundred forty eight persons in this study population had late recurrent TB, and 23,369 had one episode of TB (see text for details). TB = tuberculosis.</p

Probability of late recurrent TB in a 30-year-old, determined by characteristics of first TB episode: a. after 1 to 13 years, b. after 1 to 3 years post-treatment completion.

<p>Definition of abbreviations: PZA monoR = pyrazinamide mono-resistance, CI = confidence interval.</p

Demographic characteristics of patients with late recurrent TB^*, California 1993–2007.

<p>Definition of abbreviations: Ref = reference group; Unk = unknown or missing.</p><p>*Characteristic present in the first episode of patients with late recurrent TB (see text for details).</p>†<p>Includes excess alcohol or injection drug use or non-injection drug use.</p

Cumulative hazards of recurrent TB.

<p>The figure shows the cumulative hazards of recurrent TB in the study population during the study timeframe. Data for the first one year after treatment completion were not available (see text for details). Of 144 TB patients with complete covariate data, 43 (30%) had a recurrence one to two years, 73 (51%) had a recurrence one to three years, and 108 (75%) had a recurrence one to five years, after completing anti-TB therapy. TB = tuberculosis.</p

Characteristics of patients with late recurrent TB with changes in drug susceptibility patterns from first to second episodes.

<p>Definition of abbreviations: INH = isoniazid; RIF = rifampin.</p

Clinical characteristics of patients with late recurrent TB^*, California 1993–2007.

<p>Definition of abbreviations: Ref = reference group; Unk = unknown or missing; HIV = Human immunodeficiency virus; INH = isoniazid; PZA = pyrazinamide; AFB = acid fast bacilli; MDR = multidrug-resistant.</p><p>*Characteristic present in the first episode of patients with late recurrent TB (see text for details).</p

Trends in TB recurrences.

<p>Joinpoint regression program-generated trends using Poisson distribution. <i>a</i>. Number of persons with a recurrent TB episode 12 to 24 months after treatment completion, by calendar year of first TB episode. The number of TB recurrences appeared to decrease through time, 1993 to 2004, but the trend was not statistically significant. <i>b</i>. Number of persons with a recurrent TB episode 25 to 36 months after treatment completion, by calendar year of first TB episode. The number of TB recurrences declined through time, 1993 to 2003, with an annual percent decrease of 15% (p-value<0.05).</p

Tuberculosis case numbers and notification rates among urban migrants in Shanghai, 2000-2008.

<p>The notification rates varied from 76.7/100,000 population in 2000 to 75.2/100,000 population in 2007. Sputum smear positive patients (n=10,118) accounted for one third of the all patients. The overall notification rate of sputum smear positive TB patients among urban migrants was 25.7/100,000 population and fluctuated each year.</p

Study population of cases of drug resistant tuberculosis in Shanghai, March, 2004–November, 2007.

<p>TB = tuberculosis. MDR = multidrug-resistant. MOTT = Mycobacteria other than tuberculosis.</p