Additional file 5: of Screening for inhibitors of mutacin synthesis in Streptococcus mutans using fluorescent reporter strains

Mutacin overlay assay to determine the specificity of the sensor strains. Overnight cultures of wild-type and knock-out strains for mutacins of S. mutans UA159 were spotted on THBY agar and allowed to incubate for 4–6 h. The exponential cultures of indicator strains S. sanguinis and L. lactis were overlaid on the plates using 0.7% agar. The area of zone of inhibition was measured after 20 h of incubation. (TIFF 1398 kb

Additional file 3: of Screening for inhibitors of mutacin synthesis in Streptococcus mutans using fluorescent reporter strains

Growth of S. mutans UA159 Δ423. Knock-out strains for mutacin encoding genes were created by replacing genes with erythromycin B cassette and the growth (OD 600) was monitored in THBY. Data show the mean and standard deviation of a biological replicate which were conducted with triplicate subsamples. (TIFF 848 kb

Additional file 1: of Screening for inhibitors of mutacin synthesis in Streptococcus mutans using fluorescent reporter strains

Primers used in this study and their use. (DOCX 16 kb

Stereoselective Cascade Double-Annulations Provide Diversely Ring-Fused Tetracyclic Benzopyrones

A cascade double-annulation strategy employing diverse pairs of zwitterions with 3-formylchromones is presented that provides stereoselective access to complex tetracyclic benzopyrones. Different zwitterions incorporated different rings that include aza-, oxa-, and carbocycles fused to a common benzopyrone scaffold and in the process created three contiguous chiral centers including an all-carbon-quaternary center with high efficiency and excellent stereoselectivity

KdmB influences transcriptional activity and H3K4me3 levels.

<p>The Figure shows global correlation analysis of H3K4me3 levels and KdmB-dependent transcription in nutrient-rich culture cells (primary metabolism). All genes were categorized according to two criteria, i.e. at least 4-fold differential expression in WT and <i>kdmB</i>Δ as well as the degree of H3K4 trimethylation. This resulted in four categories, low (log₂ RPKM ≤ 5, panel <b>A</b>) and high (log₂ RPKM > 5, panel <b>B</b>) H3K4me3 levels and transcriptional up-/or downregulation in the <i>kdmB</i> mutant. For each open reading frame in these categories, the coverage in CPM (counts per million of reads) was calculated within a 2kb window around the predicted ATG (-500 to +1500) and represents the average enrichment level of this mark. Details on the bioinformatic procedure used to determine CPM values over all points in all genes are given in Materials and Methods. Red lines in the meta-plots indicate CPM values for the WT, while green lines indicate values obtained for <i>kdmB</i>Δ. The number of individual genes in each category and their level of de-regulation are shown in the bar-graph between the meta-plots. Each bar in the graph represents the differential expression value of an individual gene in this group. With this procedure four different correlation groups (G1 –G4) emerged, i.e. genes with low and high H3K4m3 levels requiring KdmB for normal transcription (WT-up/G1 and WT-up/G3, respectively) are expressed stronger in the wild type. Genes with low and high H3K4m3 levels under negative KdmB influence (<i>kdmB</i>Δ-up/G2 and <i>kdmB</i>Δ-up/G4, respectively) are stronger expressed in the <i>kdmB</i>Δ mutant. For all values, p<0.005 was set as threshold. <b>C.</b> Genome viewer image of one representative gene (locus AN6321) within the low H3K4me3 category in which <i>kdmB</i> deletion leads to gain of H3K4me3 (green boxed area) and higher transcription (<i>kdmB</i>Δ-up/G2 gene).</p

Levels of H3K4me3 are increased in <i>kdmBΔ</i> histones.

<p>MS/MS Base Peak Chromatograms (BPC) of tryptic histone digests analysing peptides T₃-R₈ of histone H3 show the different variants of methylated K4 and their ratios in the wild type (WT) and the <i>kdmBΔ</i> strain.</p

Genome viewer image presenting the chromatin landscape of chromosome IV in wild type (WT) and <i>kdmB</i> deletion (<i>kdmB</i>Δ) cells grown in liquid shake cultures for 17 hours (primary metabolism).

<p>RNA-seq represents transcriptional activity of the locus. A control ChIP (No Antibody) was performed to detect non-specific ChIP-seq signals.</p

Results of GenBank BLAST searches for ITS and LSU sequences of <i>Amanita</i> species collected from Thailand (S = Similarity and QC = Query Cover).

<p>Results of GenBank BLAST searches for ITS and LSU sequences of <i>Amanita</i> species collected from Thailand (S = Similarity and QC = Query Cover).</p

Corallocins A–C, Nerve Growth and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Inducing Metabolites from the Mushroom <i>Hericium coralloides</i>

Three new natural products, corallocins A–C (<b>1</b>–<b>3</b>), along with two known compounds were isolated from the mushroom <i>Hericium coralloides</i>. Their benzofuranone and isoindolinone structures were elucidated by spectral methods. All corallocins induced nerve growth factor and/or brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in human 1321N1 astrocytes. Furthermore, corallocin B showed antiproliferative activity against HUVEC and human cancer cell lines MCF-7 and KB-3-1

Phylogenetic tree inferred from four-gene combined dataset (β-tubulin, rpb2, ITS1+ITS2, and 5.8S) using Maximum Likelihood (ML).

<p>Bootstrap values (BS) ≥70% and corresponding Posterior Probabilities (PP) ≥0.95 are shown above the branches, except when BS = 100% and PP = 1.0, which are indicated as thick branches. <i>Amanita</i> species with sequences generated in this study are highlighted in bold. Voucher collection identifiers are provided after each species name.</p