The flavanone homoeriodictyol increases SGLT-1-mediated glucose uptake but decreases serotonin release in differentiated Caco-2 cells - Fig 4

<p>A, B: Extracellular serotonin levels of differentiated Caco-2 cells after stimulation with 500 mM D-(+)-glucose (A) or 100 μM HED sodium salt (B) with or without addition of 5–500 μM phloridzin. Krebs-Ringer buffer without, or in case of incubations using phloridzin, with addition of 0.1% EtOH was used as control and set to 100%. An effect of 0.1% EtOH was excluded in preliminary studies. Statistics (A, B): <i>n</i> = 3 with two technical replicates. Significant differences between the treatments were assessed using one-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak <i>post hoc</i> test and are marked by n.s. (not significant), whereas significant differences to the controls are marked with * <i>p</i> <0.05, ** <i>p</i> <0.01, *** <i>p</i> <0.001 <i>vs</i>. the corresponding control (incubations using phloridzin were tested in comparison to the EtOH control, treatments with glucose or HED sodium alone were tested in comparison to the incubation media control).</p

Intracellular cAMP levels after 5 min incubation with 100 μM HED sodium salt with or without addition of 500 μM phloridzin (PZ).

<p>Statistics: Mean % of control levels ± SEM from three independent experiments with two technical replicates. Significant differences between the treatments were assessed using one-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak <i>post hoc</i> test and are marked with * <i>p</i> <0.05, ** <i>p</i> <0.01, *** <i>p</i> <0.001 <i>vs</i>. the corresponding control (incubations using phloridzin were tested in comparison to the EtOH control, treatments with glucose or HED sodium alone were tested in comparison to the incubation media control) or n.s.: not significant.</p

2-NBDG uptake by differentiated Caco-2 cells after 30 min pre-treatment with 0.01 to 100 μM HED or HED sodium salt.

<p>Results are calculated in comparison to the corresponding control (incubation buffer for the sodium salt of HED and incubation buffer containing 0.1% EtOH for HED). Statistics: <i>n</i> = 4–9 with multiple technical replicates. Significant differences between the concentrations and treatments were assessed using two-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak <i>post hoc</i> test. ** <i>p</i><0.01, *** <i>p</i>< 0.001 <i>vs</i>. control. n.s.: not significant.</p