An Overview on Urban Education: A Brief History and Contemporary Issues

This paper is designed to provide insights into both the ever-shifting nature-as well as the trajectory of-urban education in the United States. We provide a brief historical synopsis, a contextualization of how education in urban settings is commonly constructed through popular discourses, and a discussion of how the definitions and perceptions of urban schools influence research and policy measures. Lastly, this paper offers a brief exploration of recent movements and complications concerning urban education reform.Educatio

Sophie D. Aberle and the United Pueblos Agency, 1935-1944

This thesis examines Aberle\u27s administration in the coincided with the New Deal era and John Collier\u27s administration of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Aberle was a medical researcher and applied anthropologist who brought several years of field experience among the Pueblos to the UPA. Some opposition arose over her appointment, in part because she was a woman. More important, many Pueblos opposed the consolidation of several Pueblo agencies into one large agency, the United Pueblos Agency. The new agency encompassed the nineteen New Mexico pueblos and three small Navajo reservations. Some resistance to Aberle and the consolidated agency lasted throughout her tenure. In spite of this, she concentrated on managing the agency and assisting the Pueblos with efforts to modernize their villages

Perceived expectations of roles in training and maintenance of augmentative and alternative communication devices

Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) devices are invaluable tools for people who have difficulties communicating verbally. However, advancements in technology accentuate the need for training to utilize devices effectively. This qualitative research study examined the perceptions and experiences of parents and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) regarding the training in and maintenance of AAC devices. Previous literature reveals the commonality that parents encounter difficulties in learning AAC technologies, as well as updating their child’s devices. Interviews were conducted with parents of children with autism, as well as SLPs, to better understand their expectations concerning who is responsible for assuming specific roles in device training and programming. Results indicated that although parents and SLPs hold some similar perceptions of requirements, as well as opinions of ways to improve AAC services, deliberate role delegation does not occur early in the implementation process. This study identified gaps in perspectives and communication between parents and SLPs and discussed how these mismatches may lead to inappropriate assumptions by those involved in AAC intervention. Based on participants’ responses, conclusions were drawn that may facilitate better communication between families and clinicians and, ultimately, a better experience for all parties involved in the intervention process. Finally, the results of this study suggested directions for future research in the area of autism and AAC intervention

Tectonic Reconstruction of the Ellice Basin

M.S. Thesis. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa 2018

Decision-Making Perspectives for Kindergarten Entry

This study investigated the factors teachers utilize when recommending parents delay or not delay kindergarten entry for their child. Fourteen preschool and kindergarten teachers representing the demographic areas of rural, urban, suburban, and private schools, were interviewed to gather data concerning school readiness skills, learning differences between genders, kindergarten screening, state standards, and situations for recommended kindergarten delay. Consistently among all demographic groups, teachers are of the same opinion in the following issues: first, children need to be evaluated individually for kindergarten entrance; second, social-emotional growth is the greatest readiness factor; third, academic rigors of kindergarten require attention of parents and teachers in the decision to delay or not delay kindergarten entry; fourth, children with questionable readiness are at an advantage if given an extra year before entrance

The Effects of Nursing Back Rub on Pain and Wound Cytokines and The Relationship Between Pre-CABG Mood and Post-CABG Wound Cytokines

This study, guided by psychoneuroimmunology theory, examined the effects of a 10-minute nursing back rub in 20 coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients on pain and four proinflammatory wound cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α). It also examined the relationships between the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and the proinflammatory cytokines. A control group (n = 8) received time with the researcher, and an experimental group (n = 12) received a slow stroke effleurage back rub. All participants initially completed the POMS and after surgery, wound fluid was collected from the mediastinal chest tube before and after the intervention. Analysis showed the experimental group had a significant decrease in pain (df 11, p=0.001). Pretest mean levels of cytokines one hour before the back rub were: IL-1β, 15.1 pg/ml; IL-6, 104,680pg/ml; IL-8, 6,953 pg/m, and TNF-α, 3.5 pg/ml. Posttest cytokine mean levels were: IL-1β, 13.71 pg/ml; IL-6, 94,658.5 pg/ml; IL-8, 22,431 pg/ml; and TNF-α, 3.6 pg/ml. There were no significant changes in any cytokine levels in either group from pretest to posttest. Great variability in cytokine concentrations was noted in both the experimental and the control group. No significant relationships were found between the POMS Total Mood Disturbance Score (TMDS) and cytokine levels. There was a significant inverse relationship (r = -.560, p=.016) between the POMS score of tension-anxiety and IL-6. There was a significant positive correlation (r = .475, p=.034) between IL1-β and weight. This study has contributed support to a nursing intervention that appears to reduce pain perception, to the understanding of wound cytokine levels in CABG patients, and to psychoneuroimmunology research in that wound fluid IL-6 levels in were lower in patients who were tense/anxious before surgery. Further research needs to be done on wound healing and stress reducing interventions