(Alessandro Testa, 2014) Il Carnevale dell'uomo animale. Le dimensioni storiche e socio-culturali di una festa appenninica

Post-intervention sampling steps and summary estimates. (DOCX 19 kb

Nasal curettage yields reproducible and consistent results over time.

<p>(A) The percentage of granulocytes (closed circles) and T cells (open circles) in 218 nasal cell samples collected over a five month period (n = 117 volunteers, sampled up to five times). Individual samples and loess curves are depicted for both populations. (B, C) The correlation for individuals in four repeated measurements over a 33-day period for (B) granulocytes and (C) T cells.</p

Tolerability of novel nasal sampling methods.

<p>The percentage of volunteers rating (A) nasal curettage and (B) nasosorption on discomfort, pain and lacrimation.</p

Comparison of samples collected by nasal wash and nasal curette.

<p>(A) Epithelial (open circles) and immune (closed circles) and cell yields were compared between nasal wash pellets and nasal curette samples. Individuals samples and median and interquartile range are shown. (B) Median proportions of granulocytes, T cells, monocytes, lineage^- HLA-DR⁺ and uncharacterized cells among immune cells in nasal curette (n = 139 individuals) and nasal wash (n = 8) samples. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 Mann-Whitney test.</p

Comparison of samples from nasal mucosa and blood.

<p>(A) Median proportions of granulocytes, T cells, monocytes, lineage^- HLA-DR⁺ and uncharacterized cells among immune cells in blood (n = 10) and nasal curette (n = 139). **** p < 0.0001 Mann-Whitney test. (B) The percentage of HLA-DR⁺ T cells in blood and nasal curette samples and mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of HLA-DR and CD66b on granulocytes was measured for blood, nasal curette and nasal wash (n = 8) samples. Median and interquartile range are shown. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 Kruskal-Wallis, followed by Dunn’s Multiple Comparison Test. (C) Multi-dimensional scaling analysis shows the clustering of samples from blood (grey circles), nasal curette (open squares, 11 randomly selected) and nasal wash (black triangles). The epithelial cell yield, activation state of granulocytes and composition of the immune cells were taken into account. Kruskal stress = 5.8% and Analysis of Similarity ANOSIM p-value = 0.001.</p