Beneficios y limitaciones de la dieta vegana en el requerimiento nutricional de atletas: Benefits and limitations of the vegan diet in the nutritional requirement of athletes.

The vegan diet refers to nutrition based on a wide variety of plant-based food groups (i.e., fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts and seeds, spices and herbs, mushrooms, and algae) that also excludes all. to all foods of animal origin (ie meat, fish, dairy and eggs). Various scientific studies on the nutritional contribution of the vegan diet in athletes seek to identify the benefits and limitations of a vegan diet in the nutritional requirement of athletes, compared to an omnivore diet. Sports nutrition is essential for optimal physical and mental performance, reduces the risk of illness and injury; That is why it is necessary to consume the macro and micronutrient requirements according to the type and intensity of exercise performed by the athlete. Vegan diets in general provide an optimal basis for vegan athletes to develop their overall potential, from increased intake of complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber, antioxidant vitamins C and E. However, a plant-based diet reduces intake of exclusive nutrients of animal origin. This influences the performance of endurance and strength, even occasions that female athletes develop diseases such as the female athlete triad (FAT) or the Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) if it is not accompanied by supplements of vitamin B12, creatine and proteins. The present bibliographic review aims to show that with an adequate strategic selection and management of food choices, paying special attention to the achievement of energy, macro and micronutrient recommendations, together with adequate supplementation, a vegan diet can satisfy the needs of most athletes satisfactorily.La dieta vegana se refiere a una nutrición basada en una amplia variedad de grupos de alimentos de origen vegetal (es decir, frutas, verduras, granos , legumbres, nueces y semillas, especias y hierbas, hongos y algas) que además excluye a tdos excluye a todos los alimentos de origen animal (es decir, carne, pescado, lácteos y huevos). Diversos estudios científicos sobre el aporte nutricional de la dieta vegana en atletas, buscan identificar los beneficios y limitaciones de una dieta vegana en el requerimiento nutricional de atletas, respecto a una dieta omnívora. La nutrición deportiva resulta fundamental para un óptimo rendimiento físico y mental, reduciendo el riesgo de enfermedades y lesiones; es por ello que es necesario consumir los requerimientos de macro y micronutrientes según el tipo y la intensidad de ejercicio que realiza el atleta. Las dietas veganas en general constituyen una base óptima para lograr que los atletas veganos desarrollen su potencial general, a partir de una mayor ingesta de carbohidratos complejos, fibra dietética, vitaminas antioxidantes C y E. Sin embargo, una dieta basada en vegetales reduce la ingesta de nutrientes exclusivos de origen animal. Esto influye en el rendimiento de la resistencia y la fuerza, incluso ocasiona que atletas mujeres desarrollen enfermedades como la tríada de la atleta femenina (FAT) o la Deficiencia Relativa de Energía en el Deporte (RED-S) si no se acompaña de suplementos de vitamina B12, creatina y proteínas. La presente revisión bibliográfica tiene el objetivo mostrar que con una adecuada selección estratégica y la gestión de las elecciones de alimentos, prestando especial atención al logro de las recomendaciones de energía, macro y micronutrientes, junto con la suplementación adecuada, una dieta vegana puede satisfacer las necesidades de la mayoría de los atletas de manera satisfactoria

Quantifying primaquine effectiveness and improving adherence: a round table discussion of the APMEN Vivax Working Group.

The goal to eliminate malaria from the Asia-Pacific by 2030 will require the safe and widespread delivery of effective radical cure of malaria. In October 2017, the Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network Vivax Working Group met to discuss the impediments to primaquine (PQ) radical cure, how these can be overcome and the methodological difficulties in assessing clinical effectiveness of radical cure. The salient discussions of this meeting which involved 110 representatives from 18 partner countries and 21 institutional partner organizations are reported. Context specific strategies to improve adherence are needed to increase understanding and awareness of PQ within affected communities; these must include education and health promotion programs. Lessons learned from other disease programs highlight that a package of approaches has the greatest potential to change patient and prescriber habits, however optimizing the components of this approach and quantifying their effectiveness is challenging. In a trial setting, the reactivity of participants results in patients altering their behaviour and creates inherent bias. Although bias can be reduced by integrating data collection into the routine health care and surveillance systems, this comes at a cost of decreasing the detection of clinical outcomes. Measuring adherence and the factors that relate to it, also requires an in-depth understanding of the context and the underlying sociocultural logic that supports it. Reaching the elimination goal will require innovative approaches to improve radical cure for vivax malaria, as well as the methods to evaluate its effectiveness

Anatomy of Sedd Plants

xx,550 hal,;ill,;25 c

Anatomy of Seed Plants

x, 376 tr. ; 24 cm

Anatomy of seed plants

550 hlm. : il. ; 27 cm

Plant Anatomy

xx, 767 tr. ; 24 cm