Anomalous Workfunction Anisotropy in Ternary Acetylides

Anomalous anisotropy of workfunction values in ternary alkali metal transition metal acetylides is reported. Workfunction values of some characteristic surfaces in these emerging semiconducting materials may differ by more than $\approx$ 2 eV as predicted by Density Functional Theory calculations. This large anisotropy is a consequence of the relative orientation of rod-like [MC$_{2}$]$_{\infty}$ negatively charged polymeric subunits and the surfaces, with M being a transition metal or metalloid element and C$_{2}$ refers to the acetylide ion C$_{2}^{2-}$, with the rods embedded into an alkali cation matrix. It is shown that the conversion of the seasoned Cs$_{2}$Te photo-emissive material to ternary acetylide Cs$_{2}$TeC$_{2}$ results in substantial reduction of its $\approx$ 3 eV workfunction down to 1.71-2.44 eV on the Cs$_{2}$TeC$_{2}$(010) surface while its high quantum yield is preserved. Similar low workfunction values are predicted for other ternary acetylides as well, allowing for a broad range of applications from improved electron- and light-sources to solar cells, field emission displays, detectors and scanners.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

BEAM-BASED ALIGNMENT OF THE FIRST SUPERCONDUCTING UNDULATOR AT THE APS*

Abstract The first test superconducting undulator (SCU0) was successfully installed and commissioned at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) and is delivering 80-to 100-keV photons for user science. The magnet cores are mounted on but thermally isolated from the beam vacuum chamber. Protecting the SCU0 from high beam-induced heat loads was an important requirement before operating the SCU0 in the storage ring. Precise alignment of the beam vacuum chamber with respect to both the electron beam orbit as well as the synchrotron radiation generated in the upstream dipole magnet was therefore extremely important. The beam vacuum chamber was instrumented with nine thermal sensors. Using the sensors, the chamber alignment was determined with 100-micron accuracy. This accuracy is 10 times higher than in a standard aperture scan. Other advantages of the thermal sensorbased alignment method include isolating the SCU0 alignment from other components in the orbit bump and providing good longitudinal spatial resolution. The chamber temperatures agreed well with the predicted heat load and dependence on steering. This novel beam-based alignment method and results will be presented

Single-Bunch Instability Driven by the Electron Cloud Effect in the Positron Damping Ring of the International Linear Collider

With the recommendation that the future International Linear Collider (ILC) should be based on superconducting technology, there is considerable interest in exploring alternate designs for the damping rings (DR). The TESLA design was 17 km in circumference with a "dog-bone" configuration. Two other smaller designs have been proposed that are 6 km and 3 km in length. In the smaller rings, collective effects may impose the main limitations. In particular for the positron damping ring, an electron cloud may be produced by ionization of residual gas or photoelectrons and increase through the secondary emission process. The build-up and development of an electron cloud is more severe with the higher average beam current in the shorter designs. In this paper, we present recent computer simulation results for the electron cloud build-up and instability thresholds for the various DR configurations